Neurological Disorders

Image Analysis for Automatically-Driven Bionic Eye (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction In many fields such as health or robotics industry, reproducing the human visual system (HVS) behavior is a widely sought aim. Actually a system able to reproduce even partially the HVS could be very helpful, on the one hand, for people with vision diseases, and, on the other hand, for autonomous robots. Historically, the […]

Image Analysis for Automatically-Driven Bionic Eye (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

State of the art: Overview Supplying visual information to blind people is a goal that can be reached in several ways by more or less efficient means. Classically blind people can use a white cane, a guide-dog or more sophisticated means. The white cane is perceived as a symbol that warns other people and make […]

Image Analysis for Automatically-Driven Bionic Eye (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 3

Circuit and system approach Principle and objective The proposed solution is based on Pr. Sawan research [Coulombe (2007)Sawan (2008)]. The implementation is a visual prosthesis implanted into the human cortex. In the first case, the principle of this application consists in stimulating the visual cortex by implanting a silicium micro-chip on a network of electrodes […]

Image Analysis for Automatically-Driven Bionic Eye (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 4

Focus of attention As a matter of fact, the role played by cones in diurnal vision is preponderant. Cones are much less numerous than rods in most parts of the retina, but greatly outnumber rods in the fovea. Furthermore cones are arranged in a concentric way inside the human retina [Marr (1982)]. In this way […]

Methods of Measurement and Evaluation of Eye, Head and Shoulders Position in Neurological Practice Part 1

Introduction The position of the eye, head and shoulders can be negatively influenced by many diseases of the nervous system, (particularly by visual and vestibular disorders) (Cerny R. et al, 2006). Disturbances of the cervical vertebral column are another frequent cause of abnormal head position. In this topic we describe advanced methods of measuring the […]

Methods of Measurement and Evaluation of Eye, Head and Shoulders Position in Neurological Practice Part 2

Precise head and shoulders posture measurement Our new non-invasive head position measurement method was designed for use in neurology to discover relationships between some neurological disorders and postural alignment. The objective was to develop a technique for precise and non-invasive head posture measurement in 3D space. The technique is aimed at determining differences between the […]

Methods of Measurement and Evaluation of Eye, Head and Shoulders Position in Neurological Practice Part 3

Measurement of eye and head position Despite the fact that an accurate method for measuring the head position and the eye position could contribute to diagnosis of vestibular system, this issue has not been systematically studied (Hozman et al, 2008). Horizontal and vertical eye movements can be measured by an image of the eye (Moore […]

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Treat Brain Injury (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction Brain injury occurs from either a traumatic (mechanical), ischemic (decreased oxygen; accounts for 83% of stroke cases), or hemorrhagic (ruptured blood vessel; accounts for 17% of stroke cases) insult to the brain. Stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are major contributors worldwide to both deaths and persistent disabilities. Stroke is the third leading cause […]

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Treat Brain Injury (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 2

Trophic support Transplanted MSCs augment host repair and recovery primarily through direct and indirect trophic support. MSCs secrete a plethora of factors that are known to promote neural cell survival and regeneration through paracrine signaling to neural, vascular, and immune cells. An overview of relevant trophic factors found to be secreted by human bone marrow-derived […]

Development of Foamy Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders and Other Diseases (Bioengineering in Neurological Disorders) Part 1

Introduction The complexities of neurological diseases make it difficult to develop effective methods to treat them. In addition, it is difficult for the drugs used in neurological diseases to reach target cells at a sufficient concentration due to the blood-brain barrier, which may lead to side-effects in other organs, even though newly developed drugs are […]

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