Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition (Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion) Part 1

Central Incisor

Lateral Incisor

Facial/Labial Aspect

Fig. 6-9

Fig. 6-19

Proximal contacts

Cervico-incisal location

—

Mesial

Incisal third

Junction incisal/middle thirds

Distal

Junction incisal/middle thirds

Middle third

Mesioincisal angle

Sharp right angle

Slightly rounded

Distoincisal angle

Slightly rounded

Distinctly rounded

Mesial profile

Straight

Slightly rounded

Distal profile

Nearly round

Distinctly rounded

Mesiodistal width

Comparatively wide

Comparatively narrow

Pulp horn(s)

3 (facial view)

Usually 2 (facial view)

Lobes

4 (Fig. 4-12, A)

4

Lingual Aspect

Fig. 6-3

Fig. 6-14

Marginal ridges

Moderate

More prominent

Cingulum

Moderately pronounced

More prominent

Fossa

Moderately deep

Deep

Incisal Aspect

Fig. 6-11

Fig. 6-18

Outline

Triangular

Ovoid

Labial

Slightly convex

More convex

Dimensions

Table 6-1

Table 6-2

Crown length (cervico-incisal)

10.5 mm

9 mm

Crown diameter

Mesiodistal

8.5 mm

6.5 mm

Cervical

7.0 mm

5.0 mm

Labiolingual

7.0 mm

6.0 mm

Contour height

0.5 mm; Figs. 6-4, 6-5

0.5 mm; Fig. 6-13

Facial/lingual

Both cervical third

Both cervical third

Curvature at CEJ

Table 6-1

Table 6-2

Mesial

3.5 mm

3.0 mm

Distal

2.5 mm

2.0 mm

Root

Figs. 6-3, 6-5, 6-9, 6-10

Figs. 6-13, 6-19, 6-20

Length

13.0 mm

13.0 mm

Pulp canal(s)

1

Less frequent apical accessory canals

Chronology

Tables 2-3, 6-1

Tables 2-3, 6-2

Eruption

7-8 yr

8-9 yr

Root completed

10 yr

11 yr

Tooth Notations

Topic 1

Topic 1

Universal

Right: 8; left: 9

Right: 7; left: 10

International (FDI)

Right: 11; left: 21

Right: 12; left: 22

Palmer

Central Incisor

Lateral Incisor

Facial/Labial Aspect

Figs. 7-2, 7-9

Figs. 7-13, 7-19

Symmetry

Symmetrical bilaterally

Asymmetrical

Proximal contacts

Fig. 5-8, A

Fig. 5-8, B

Mesial

Incisal third

Incisal third

Distal

Incisal third

Incisal third

Mesioincisal angles

Sharp right angles

Some rounding

Distoincisal angles

Sharp right angles

More rounded than mesioincisal angle

Curvature at CEJ

Fig. 5-27, Table 7-1

Table 7-2

Mesial

3.0 mm

3.0 mm

Distal

2.0 mm

2.0 mm

Incisal Aspect

Fig. 7-11

Fig. 7-18

Incisal edge (ridge)

Right angle to line bisecting cingulum

Distolingual twist to line bisecting cingulum

Pulp horn(s)

1 or 0

Variable; more prominent

Lobes

4

4

Dimensions

Table 7-1

Table 7-2

Crown length (cervico-incisal)

9.0 mm

9.5 mm

Crown diameter

Mesiodistal

5 mm

5.5 mm

Cervical

3.5 mm

4.0 mm

Labiolingual

6.0 mm

6.5 mm

Contour height

Less than 0.5 mm; Fig. 7-7

Less than 0.5 mm

Facial/lingual

Both cervical third

Both cervical third

Dimensions

Table 7-1

Table 7-2

Length

12.5 mm

14.0 mm

Pulp (root) canal(s)

Usually 1; 2 possible

1

Chronology

Table 7-1

Table 7-2

Eruption

6-7 yr

7-8 yr

Root completed

9 yr

10 yr

Tooth Notations

Topic 1

Topic 1

Universal

Right: 25; left: 24

Right: 26; left: 23

International (FDI)

Right: 41; left: 31

Right: 42; left: 32

Palmer

Maxillary Incisors

Mandibular Incisors

Central incisor wider than lateral incisor

Lateral incisor wider than central incisor

Wider than mandibular central incisor

Narrowest of incisor class

Marginal ridges and cingulum more prominent

Marginal ridges and cingulum not prominent

Lingual fossa pronounced, often with a lingual pit

Lingual fossa shallow without grooves or pits

Crown width greater mesiodistally than labiolingually

Crown width greater labiolingually than mesiodistally

Roots rounded in cross section

Roots thin mesiodistally

Incisal edge labial to root axis

Incisal edge lingual to root axis

Maxillary Canine

Mandibular Canine

Facial/Labial Aspect

Proximal contacts

Fig. 5-8, C

Fig. 5-7, C

Mesial

Junction incisal/middle thirds

Incisal third

Distal

Middle third

Middle third

Mesial Aspect

Wider faciolingually

Narrower, longer

Lingual Aspect

Deeper lingual fossae

Flat lingual surface

Marginal ridges

Pronounced; 2 fossae

Parallel or slightly converging

Cingulum

Large, centered mesiodistally

Smaller, may be off center distally

Lingual pits, grooves

Common

None

Incisal Aspect

Marked asymmetry of mesial/distal halves

Less symmetry; distal cusp ridge rotated

Incisal/Proximal Aspects

Cusp tip may be at or labial to root axis line

Cusp tip lingual to root axis line

Dimensions

Mesiodistal

7.5 mm

7.0 mm

Labiolingual

8.0 mm

7.5 mm

Curvature at CEJ

2.5 mm (mesial)

1.0 mm (distal)

Incisal-cervical

10.0 mm

11.0 mm

Contour height

0.5 mm

Less than 0.5 mm

Facial/lingual

Both cervical third

Both cervical third

Pulp horn(s)

1

1

Lobes

4

4

Root

Terminal (number)

1

Maybe 2 (Fig. 8-24)

Length

17 mm

16 mm

Chronology

Table 8-1

Table 8-2

Eruption

11-12 yr

9-10 yr

Root completed

13-15 yr

12-14 yr

Tooth Notations

Topic 1

Topic 1

Universal

Right: 6; left: 11

Right: 27; left: 22

International (FDI)

Right: 13; left: 23

Right: 43; left: 33

Palmer