Melatonin,Sleep And Insomnia

Conditioned Arousal in Insomnia Patients: Physiological, Cognitive, Cortical—An and/or Question? Part 1

Abstract Insomnia has become fully recognized as one of the most prevalent sleep disorders in society with a profound impact on multiple aspects of daytime functioning and quality of life. Major advances in the non-pharmacological approach to insomnia include the work of Morin and colleagues on the behavioral and cognitive treatment of insomnia and the […]

Conditioned Arousal in Insomnia Patients: Physiological, Cognitive, Cortical—An and/or Question? Part 2

Cortical Arousal As discussed in the previous sections, the concept of arousal in insomnia patients has traditionally been explained in terms of physiological and/or psychological processes. However, arousal can also be seen as a brain process reflected by changes in specific EEG frequency rhythms, referred to as cortical arousal. A state of arousal or high […]

Conditioned Arousal in Insomnia Patients: Physiological, Cognitive, Cortical—An and/or Question? Part 3

Sleep Diary and Actigraphy Before the polysomnography, participants were asked to fill in a sleep diary and wear an actigraphy during the night for 2 weeks, to check for irregular sleep-wake schedules. The morning after the polysomnography, all participants were asked to fill in a morning questionnaire evaluating their night in the sleep lab, consisting […]

Conditioned Arousal in Insomnia Patients: Physiological, Cognitive, Cortical—An and/or Question? Part 4

The Sleep EEG: NREM/REM First, the average of all the previously defined relative frequency bands during NREM and REM sleep of the entire night was calculated (figure 5). No significant differences were found between both groups. Figure 5. Relative spectral power profiles during NREM and REM sleep. An average of the entire night was calculated […]

Neuropathology of Insomnia in the Adult: Still an Enigma! Part 1

Abstract Insomnia Insomniais a very frequent symptom, usually due to non organic brain diseases. In some organic brain disorders, however, sleep impairment occurs through a series of mechanisms: structures responsible for need for sleep are lesionned ; the biological clock doesn’t give the start for sleep; sleep networks responsible for inhibition of waking structures are […]

Neuropathology of Insomnia in the Adult: Still an Enigma! Part 2

REM Sleep REM sleep system remains hypothetical. It is also due to thalamocortical activity, like slow wave sleep, but in a desynchronised pattern, as it occurs during waking state (McCormick DA and Bal T, 1997; Wehrle R et al, 2007), under the influences of several upper brain stem nuclei. Mechanisms for tonic REM sleep and […]

Non-Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Insomnia -Instrumental EEG Conditioning, a New Alternative? Part 1

Abstract There is already profound knowledge about the evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for the treatment of insomnia (Benca, 2005; Morin et al., 1999; Morin, 2004; Morin et al., 2006). However, the characterization of non-pharmacological treatment effects like CBT on specific sleep parameters (e.g., sleep spindles, sleep architecture, electroencephalographic (EEG) power densities […]

Non-Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Insomnia -Instrumental EEG Conditioning, a New Alternative? Part 2

Biofeedback Biofeedback is a technique in which people learn how to self-control certain internal bodily processes that normally occur involuntarily, such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, skin temperature and brain activity. To provide biofeedback special computer hardware is required. Biofeedback instruments are supposed to i) monitor a physiological process of interest, ii) measure […]

Non-Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Insomnia -Instrumental EEG Conditioning, a New Alternative? Part 3

Instrumental SMR Conditioning (ISC) and its Impact on Sleep Quality and Declarative Learning Recently we applied the earlier described IEC method to investigate the effect of instrumental 12-15Hz (SMR) conditioning (experimental group) as compared to randomized IEC (control group) on sleep as well as declarative memory performance (Berner, Schabus, Wienerroither, & Klimesch, 2006; Hoedlmoser et […]

A Novel Disease Condition Presenting with Insomnia and Hypersomnia Asynchronization Part 1

Abstract More than half of the preschoolers/students in Japan have recently complained of daytime sleepiness, while approximately one quarter of junior and senior high school students reportedly suffer from insomnia. These children might suffer from behavioral-induced insufficient sleep syndrome due to inadequate sleep hygiene, and conventional therapeutic approaches often fail. The present study addressed whether […]

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