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Law and Crime (United States)

US Crime Trends, 2007

population group	number of	population	violent		property
and area	agencies¹	(’000)		crime²	crime³	murder
cities
1,000,000 and over	10	25,220		-3.7	-1.0	-9.8
500,000 to 999,999	23	15,424		+0.3	-2.7	-1.2
250,000 to 499,999	38	13,157		-3.9	-4.2	-3.3
100,000 to 249,999	182	27,451		-0.4	-1.9	+1.9
50,000 to 99,999	394	27,252		-1.7	-2.8	+3.7
25,000 to 49,999	680	23,458		-1.2	-1.4	-2.6
10,000 to 24,999	1,470	23,312		+1.9	-1.2	-0.3
under 10,000	6,001	19,549		-0.5	-2.4	+1.8
counties
metropolitan⁴	1,302	54,195		-1.7	-1.	-2.4
nonmetropolitan⁵	1,932	22,981		+1.8	-1.7	-5.9
total	12,032	252,000		-1.4	-2.1	-2.7
population group	forcible	aggravated			larceny/ motor
and area	rape	robbery	assault	burglary	theft vehicle theft arson
cities
1,000,000 and over	-8.0	-2.9	-4.0	+4.0	-0.1	-9.5 -7.2
500,000 to 999,999	-1.2	+0.2	+0.5	-3.3	⁶-	11.2 -8.9
250,000 to 499,999	-6.5	-3.0	-4.3	-2.4	-3.2 -	10.0 -4.2
100,000 to 249,999	-4.3	6	-0.2	+0.1	-1.4	-7.8 -2.8
50,000 to 99,999	-4.5	-1.0	-1.9	-1.2	-2.1	-9.8 -11.1
25,000 to 49,999	-3.5	-0.4	-1.3	-0.5	-0.7	-9.2 -5.0
10,000 to 24,999	-4.0	+1.3	+3.0	-1.7	-0.4	-8.0 -3.4
under 10,000	-5.4	-0.7	+0.1	-1.6	-2.2	-6.3 -7.7
counties
metropolitan⁴	-2.7	-1.0	-1.8	-0.9	-0.7	-7.1 -9.7
nonmetropolitan⁵	-3.7	-0.3	+3.0	-1.4	-1.6	-4.2 -5.0
total	-4.3	-1.2	-1.2	-0.8	-1.2	-8.9 -7.0

1Law enforcement agencies. 2Includes murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. 3Includes burglary, larceny/theft, and motor vehicle theft but excludes data for arson. 4Includes crimes reported to sheriffs’ departments, county police departments, and state police within Metropolitan Statistical Areas. 5Includes crimes reported to sheriffs’ departments, county police departments, and state police outside Metropolitan Statistical Areas. 6Negligible.

The movement of people from a city to suburbs and the surrounding countryside creates a larger metropolitan area, and the metropolitan areas tend to merge into even larger urban agglomerations, the megalopolises. The biggest in the US is “Boswash,” which stretches from Boston MA to Washington DC.

State Crime Rates, 2000-06

Crimes reported to the police per 100,000 population.

	2000	2001⁴	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
state	total	total	total	total	total	total	total
AL	4,546	4,319	4,465	4,475	4,452	4,324	4,361
AK	4,249	4,236	4,310	4,360	4,018	4,244	4,293
AZ	5,830	6,077	6,386	6,147	5,845	5,351	5,129
AR	4,115	4,134	4,158	4,088	4,512	4,585	4,519
CA	3,740	3,903	3,944	4,006	3,971	3,849	3,703
CO	3,983	4,219	4,348	4,299	4,293	4,436	3,843
CT	3,233	3,118	2,997	2,984	2,913	2,833	2,785
DE2	4,478	4,053	3,939	4,090	3,732	3,744	4,099
DC3	7,277	7,710	8,022	7,489	6,230	6,206	6,162
FL	5,695	5,570	5,421	5,188	4,891	4,716	4,698
GA	4,751	4,646	4,507	4,715	4,722	4,621	4,360
HI	5,199	5,386	6,044	5,547	5,047	5,048	4,512
ID	3,186	3,133	3,173	3,175	3,039	2,955	2,666
IL⁴	4,286	4,098	4,016	3,844	3,729	3,632	3,561
IN	3,752	3,831	3,750	3,708	3,723	3,780	3,817
IA	3,234	3,301	3,448	3,254	3,176	3,125	3,086
KS⁵	4,409	4,321	4,087	4,408	4,349	4,174	4,175
KY6	2,960	2,938	2,903	2,759	2,783	2,797	2,808
LA	5,423	5,338	5,098	4,948	5,049	4,278	4,691
ME	2,620	2,688	2,656	2,559	2,514	2,525	2,634
MD	4,816	4,867	4,747	4,503	4,341	4,247	4,159
MA	3,026	3,099	3,094	3,036	2,919	2,821	2,838
MI	4,110	4,082	3,874	3,790	3,548	3,643	3,775
MN	3,488	3,584	3,535	3,376	3,309	3,381	3,391
MS	4,004	4,185	4,159	4,031	3,774	3,539	3,507
MO	4,528	4,776	4,602	4,575	4,395	4,453	4,372
MT5	3,533	3,689	3,513	3,461	3,230	3,424	2,941
NE	4,096	4,330	4,257	4,046	3,830	3,710	3,623
NV	4,269	4,266	4,498	4,903	4,823	4,848	4,830
NH	2,433	2,322	2,220	2,203	2,207	1,928	2,013
NJ	3,161	3,225	3,024	2,914	2,785	2,688	2,643
NM	5,519	5,324	5,078	4,756	4,885	4,851	4,580
NY	3,100	2,925	2,804	2,715	2,641	2,554	2,488
NC	4,919	4,938	4,721	4,725	4,608	4,543	4,596
ND	2,288	2,418	2,406	2,190	1,996	2,076	2,128
OH	4,042	4,178	4,107	3,984	4,015	4,014	4,029
OK	4,559	4,607	4,743	4,818	4,743	4,551	4,102
OR	4,845	5,044	4,868	5,061	4,929	4,687	3,952
PA	2,995	2,961	2,841	2,828	2,826	2,842	2,883
RI	3,476	3,685	3,589	3,281	3,131	2,970	2,814
SC	5,221	4,753	5,297	5,328	5,289	5,101	5,008
SD	2,320	2,332	2,279	2,177	2,106	1,952	1,791
TN	4,890	5,153	5,019	5,080	5,002	5,028	4,888
TX	4,956	5,153	5,190	5,153	5,035	4,862	4,598
UT	4,476	4,243	4,452	4,505	4,322	4,096	3,741
VT	2,987	2,769	2,530	2,343	2,420	2,400	2,441
VA	3,028	3,178	3,140	3,000	2,953	2,921	2,760
WA	5,106	5,152	5,107	5,102	5,193	5,239	4,826
WV	2,603	2,560	2,515	2,594	2,777	2,898	2,901
WI	3,209	3,321	3,253	3,101	2,873	2,902	3,102
WY	3,298	3,518	3,581	3,578	3,564	3,385	3,220
US	4,125	4,161	4,119	4,067	3,983	3,899	3,808

		violent crimes	2006 crime rates in detail			property crimes
							motor
		forcible aggravated				larceny/	vehicle
state	murder⁷	rape assault	robbery	total	burglary	theft	theft	total
AL	8.3	35.9 228	154	425	969	2,644	323	3,936
AK	5.4	76.0 516	90.3	688	617	2,610	377	3,605
AZ	7.5	31.5 313	150	501	925	2,813	890	4,628

State Crime Rates, 2000-06

2006 crime rates in detail

			violent crimes				property	crimes motor
		forcible	aggravated				larceny/	vehicl
state	murder⁷	rape	assault	robbery	total	burglary	theft	theft	total
AR	7.3	46.5	399	98.4	552	1,140	2,562	266	3,968
CA	6.8	25.3	306	195	533	676	1,829	666	3,171
CO	3.3	43.7	264	80.7	392	682	2,332	438	3,451
CT	3.1	18.1	139	121	281	419	1,788	296	2,504
DE	4.9	46.9	427	203	682	725	2,363	330	3,418
DC3	29.1	31.8	789	658	1,508	660	2,735	1,259	4,654
FL	6.2	35.8	481	189	712	945	2,619	423	3,986
GA	6.4	23.2	276	166	471	909	2,519	461	3,889
HI	1.6	27.6	163	88.9	281	678	2,949	604	4,230
ID	2.5	40.0	184	20.5	247	513	1,740	166	2,419
IL⁴	6.1	31.8	318	185	542	602	2,124	293	3,020
IN	5.8	29.1	165	115	315	731	2,425	346	3,502
IA	1.8	27.8	210	43.5	284	604	2,031	168	2,803
KS	4.6	44.8	308	67.9	425	723	2,712	315	3,750
KY	4.0	30.8	142	86.2	263	645	1,680	220	2,545
LA	12.4	36.4	515	134	698	1,049	2,580	365	3,994
ME	1.7	25.7	59.0	29.1	116	513	1,904	101	2,519
MD	9.7	21.0	392	256	679	667	2,270	544	3,481
MA	2.9	27.1	292	125	447	547	1,565	279	2,391
MI	7.1	52.2	362	141	562	754	1,964	495	3,213
MN	2.4	31.8	173	105	312	584	2,237	259	3,080
MS	7.7	34.4	150	107	299	936	1,986	287	3,209
MO	6.3	30.2	379	130	546	764	2,627	435	3,827
MT	1.8	28.5	206	17.4	254	311	2,192	185	2,688
NE	2.8	31.0	184	63.8	282	535	2,521	285	3,341
NV	9.0	43.2	408	282	742	995	2,014	1,080	4,089
NH	1.0	26.2	79.4	32.2	139	331	1,435	108	1,874
NJ	4.9	14.2	179	153	352	452	1,557	283	2,292
NM	6.8	56.0	473	108	643	1,070	2,396	472	3,937
NY	4.8	16.4	235	179	435	355	1,531	166	2,053
NC	6.1	28.2	289	152	476	1,213	2,568	340	4,121
ND	1.3	30.4	84.9	11.3	128	376	1,465	159	2,000
OH	4.7	39.6	139	167	350	910	2,443	326	3,679
OK	5.8	41.6	363	87.5	497	961	2,271	373	3,604
OR	2.3	32.3	173	72.7	280	645	2,636	391	3,672
PA	5.9	27.3	238	169	439	463	1,743	237	2,444
RI	2.6	26.7	129	68.8	228	507	1,744	336	2,587
SC	8.3	40.8	580	137	766	990	2,873	380	4,242
SD	1.2	43.0	112	15.2	171	339	1,189	91.8	1,620
TN	6.8	35.5	534	184	760	1,041	2,713	374	4,128
TX	5.9	35.6	316	159	516	917	2,758	406	4,082
UT	1.8	34.1	140	48.8	224	577	2,615	325	3,516
VT	1.9	24.0	93.0	17.6	137	529	1,682	93.9	2,305
VA	5.2	23.4	152	101	282	418	1,867	194	2,478
WA	3.0	42.9	200	100	346	912	2,851	718	4,480
WV	4.1	21.4	207	46.9	280	634	1,772	216	2,622
WI	3.0	20.4	161	100	284	486	2,080	253	2,818
WY	1.7	27.2	197	14.0	240	451	2,379	151	2,981
Total US	5.7	30.9	288	149	474	729	2,207	398	3,335

		violent crime			property crime
				aggra-			motor
		forcible		vated		larceny/	vehicle
year	murder¹	rape	robbery	assault	burglary	theft	theft
1984	18,692	84,233	485,008	685,349	2,984,434	6,591,874	1,032,165
1985	18,976	87,671	497,874	723,246	3,073,348	6,926,380	1,102,862
1986	20,613	91,459	542,775	834,322	3,241,410	7,257,153	1,224,137
1987	20,096	91,111	517,704	855,088	3,236,184	7,499,851	1,288,674
1988	20,675	92,486	542,968	910,092	3,218,077	7,705,872	1,432,916
1989	21,500	94,504	578,326	951,707	3,168,170	7,872,442	1,564,800
1990	23,438	102,555	639,271	1,054,863	3,073,909	7,945,670	1,635,907
1991	24,703	106,593	687,732	1,092,739	3,157,150	8,142,228	1,661,738
1992	23,760	109,062	672,478	1,126,974	2,979,884	7,915,199	1,610,834
1993	24,526	106,014	659,870	1,135,607	2,834,808	7,820,909	1,563,060
1994	23,326	102,216	618,949	1,113,179	2,712,774	7,879,812	1,539,287
1995	21,606	97,470	580,509	1,099,207	2,593,784	7,997,710	1,472,441
1996	19,645	96,252	535,594	1,037,049	2,506,400	7,904,685	1,394,238
1997	18,208	96,153	498,534	1,023,201	2,460,526	7,743,760	1,354,189
1998	16,974	93,144	447,186	976,583	2,332,735	7,376,311	1,242,781
1999	15,522	89,411	409,371	911,740	2,100,739	6,955,520	1,152,075
2000	15,586	90,178	408,016	911,706	2,050,992	6,971,590	1,160,002
2001	16,037	90,863	423,557	909,023	2,116,531	7,092,267	1,228,391
2002	16,204	95,136	420,637	894,348	2,151,875	7,052,922	1,246,096
2003	16,528	93,883	414,235	859,030	2,154,834	7,026,802	1,261,226
2004	16,148	95,089	401,470	847,381	2,144,446	6,937,089	1,237,851
2005	16,692	93,934	417,122	862,947	2,154,126	6,776,807	1,235,226
2006	17,034	92,455	447,403	860,853	2,183,746	6,607,013	1,192,809

	Crime trends: percent change in number of offenses²violent crime					property crime
				aggra			motor
years		forcible		vated		larceny/	vehicle
compared	murder¹	rape	robbery	assault	burglary	theft	theft
2006/2005	+ 1.8	-2.0	+7.2	-0.2	+1.3	-2.6	-3.5
2006/2002	+5.0	-2.9	+6.3	-3.4	+1.5	-6.4	-4.3
2006/1997	-6.4	-3.8	-10.3	-15.9	-11.2	-14.7	-11.9

Actual names of US towns: Embarrass, Wisconsin; Goofy Ridge, Illinois; French Lick, Indiana; Intercourse, Alabama; Bumble Bee, Arizona; Toad Suck, Arkansas; Truth or Consequences, New Mexico; Hellhole Palms, California; Uncertain, Texas; and Unalaska, Alaska.

US Cities with Highest and Lowest Crime Rates

This table ranks cities with populations greater than 100,000 by the number of violent crimes reported during 2007. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report, January-December 2007.

This table presents the number of crimes reported in the seven categories that, with arson, are known as Part I crimes and are used by the Federal Bureau of

	violent		forcible		aggravated		larceny/
cities	crime¹	murder	rape	robbery	assault	burglary	theft	car theft
Highest Crime Rates
New York NY	50,453	496	875	21,787	27,295	20,914	115,318	13,256
Los Angeles CA	27,801	390	1,004	13,481	12,926	19,629	58,304	23,524
Houston TX	24,564	351	694	11,479	12,040	29,044	74,817	19,465
Philadelphia PA	21,180	392	956	10,258	9,574	11,524	39,167	11,104
Detroit MI	19,683	383	344	6,574	12,382	17,745	20,892	19,604
Las Vegas NV	13,641	119	723	5,251	7,548	15,296	27,156	16,445
Dallas TX	13,248	200	511	7,222	5,315	22,472	47,699	13,791
Memphis TN	13,052	129	451	4,869	7,603	14,607	33,128	6,199
Phoenix AZ	11,159	213	509	4,942	5,495	19,212	49,754	20,859
Baltimore MD	10,182	282	146	3,895	5,859	7,381	16,742	5,816

	violent		forcible		aggravated		larceny/
cities	crime¹	murder	rape	robbery	assault	burglary	theft	car theft
Lowest Crime Rates
Cary NC	134	1	11	58	64	448	1,584	88
Amherst NY	137	2	8	47	80	200	1,558	50
Bellevue WA	138	0	29	61	48	583	3,152	446
Irvine CA	143	4	19	44	76	637	2,404	215
Thousand Oaks CA	146	2	19	38	87	424	1,407	111
Sunnyvale CA	154	2	15	62	75	372	1,896	361
Provo UT	166	0	28	34	104	482	2,477	280
Norman OK	177	4	35	52	86	795	2,549	271
Simi Valley CA	181	2	20	63	96	432	1,729	222
Arvada CO	214	3	29	46	136	423	1,924	238

1Data for overall violent crime rates are composites of murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault rates. Data are not available for Chicago IL or Naperville IL, on the list for highest and lowest crime rates, respectively, in recent years.

Total Arrests in the US

	number of
type of crime	arrests
other crime types (continued)
drunkenness	553,188
fraud	280,693
vandalism	300,679
weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.)	200,782
curfew and loitering law violations	152,907
stolen property (buying,	122,722
receiving, possessing)
offenses against the family and children	131,491
forgery and counterfeiting	108,823
runaways	114,179
sex offenses (except forcible rape	87,252
and prostitution)
prostitution and commercialized vice	79,673
vagrancy	36,471
embezzlement	20,012
gambling	12,307
suspicion (not included in total)	2,482
all other offenses (except traffic)	4,022,068
total arrests	14,380,370

	NUMBER OF
TYPE OF CRIME	ARRESTS
violent crime
aggravated assault	447,948
robbery	125,605
forcible rape	24,535
murder and nonnegligent manslaughter	13,435
violent crime total	611,523
property crime
larceny/theft	1,081,157
burglary	304,801
motor vehicle theft	137,757
arson	16,582
property crime total	1,540,297
other crime types
drug abuse violations	1,889,810
driving under the influence	1,460,498
other assaults	1,305,757
disorderly conduct	703,504
liquor laws	645,734

US State and Federal Prison Population

		number of prisoners			% change (31 dec 2005 to
state	31 dec 1980	31 dec 1990	31 dec 2005	31 dec 2006	31 dec 2006)
Alabama	6,543	15,665	27,888	28,241	+ 1.3
Alaska¹	822	2,622	4,812	5,069	+5.3
Arizona²	4,372	14,261	33,565	35,892	+6.9
Arkansas	2,911	7,322	13,541	13,729	+1.4
California	24,569	97,309	170,676	175,512	+2.8
Colorado	2,629	7,671	21,456	22,481	+4.8
Connecticut¹	4,308	10,500	19,442	20,566	+5.8
Delaware¹	1,474	3,471	6,966	7,206	+3.4
Florida	20,735	44,387	89,768	92,969	+3.6
Georgia²	12,178	22,411	48,749	52,792	+8.3
Hawaii¹	985	2,533	6,146	5,967	-2.9
Idaho	817	1,961	6,818	7,124	+4.5
Illinois	11,899	27,516	44,919	45,106	+0.4
Indiana	6,683	12,736	24,455	26,091	+6.7
Iowa¹	2,481	3,967	8,737	8,875	+1.6

		number of prisoners			% change (31 dec 2005 to
state	31 dec 1980	31 dec 1990	31 dec 2005	31 dec 2006	31 dec 2006)
Kansas	2,494	5,775	9,068	8,816	-2.8
Kentucky	3,588	9,023	19,662	20,000	+1.7
Louisiana	8,889	18,599	36,083	37,012	+2.6
Maine	814	1,523	2,023	2,120	+4.8
Maryland	7,731	17,848	22,737	22,945	+0.9
Massachusetts	3,185	8,345	10,701	11,032	+3.1
Michigan	15,124	34,267	49,546	51,577	+4.1
Minnesota	2,001	3,176	9,281	9,108	-1.9
Mississippi	3,902	8,375	20,515	21,068	+2.7
Missouri	5,726	14,943	30,823	30,167	-2.1
Montana	739	1,425	3,532	3,572	+1.1
Nebraska	1,446	2,403	4,455	4,407	-1.1
Nevada	1,839	5,322	11,782	12,901	+9.5
New Hampshire	326	1,342	2,530	2,805	+10.9
New Jersey	5,884	21,128	27,359	27,371	3
New Mexico	1,279	3,187	6,571	6,639	+1.0
New York	21,815	54,895	62,743	63,315	+0.9
North Carolina	15,513	18,411	36,365	37,460	+3.0
North Dakota	253	483	1,385	1,363	-1.6
Ohio	13,489	31,822	45,854	49,166	+7.2
Oklahoma	4,796	12,285	26,676	26,243	-1.6
Oregon	3,177	6,492	13,411	13,707	+2.2
Pennsylvania	8,171	22,290	42,380	44,397	+4.8
Rhode Island¹	813	2,392	3,654	3,996	+9.4
South Carolina	7,862	17,319	23,160	23,616	+2.0
South Dakota	635	1,341	3,463	3,359	-3.0
Tennessee	7,022	10,388	26,369	25,745	-2.4
Texas	29,892	50,042	169,003	172,116	+1.8
Utah	932	2,496	6,382	6,430	+0.8
Vermont¹	480	1,049	2,078	2,215	+6.6
Virginia	8,920	17,593	35,344	36,688	+3.8
Washington	4,399	7,995	17,382	17,561	+1.0
West Virginia	1,257	1,565	5,312	5,733	+7.9
Wisconsin	3,980	7,465	22,697	23,431	+3.2
Wyoming	534	1,110	2,047	2,114	+3.3
state	305,458	708,393	1,340,311	1,377,815	+2.8
federal⁴	24,363	65,526	187,618	193,046	+2.9
US total	329,821	773,919	1,527,929	1,570,861	+2.8

¹Jails and prisons are part of an integrated system. Data include total jail and prison population. ²Population figures are based on custody counts. ³Negligible. ⁴At the end of 2001, the transfer of responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia to the Federal Bureau of Prisons was completed, so the District of Columbia no longer operates a prison system, and its prisoners are from that date forward included in federal data only.

Death Penalty Sentences in the US

This table excludes military and federal sentences and executions. Sources: US Bureau of Justice Statistics; Death Penalty Information Center; NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.

			prisoners under
	executions		death sentence
state 1976-	present¹ 2007		(as of 1 jan 2008)²	some death-penalty crimes
Alabama	38	3	201	intentional murder³
Alaska	-	-	-	no death penalty
Arizona	23	1	114	1st-degree murder³
Arkansas	27	0	38	capital murder³; treason
California	13	0	669	1st-degree murder³; treason; train wrecking
Colorado	1	0	1	1st-degree murder³; treason
Connecticut	1	0	9	capital felony (8 types of aggravated murder)
Delaware	14	0	19	1st-degree murder³
District of Columbia	-	-	-	no death penalty
Florida	64	0	388	1st-degree murder; felonious murder; capital
				drug trafficking; capital sexual battery
Georgia	40	1	107	murder; treason; aircraft hijacking; kidnapping⁴
Hawaii	-	-	-	no death penalty
Idaho	1	0	19	1st-degree murder³; aggravated kidnapping
Illinois	12	0	13	1st-degree murder³

	executions		prisoners under death sentence
state 1976-	present¹	2007	(as of 1 jan 2008)²	some death-penalty crimes
Indiana	19	2	20	murder³
Iowa	-	-	-	no death penalty
Kansas	0	0	10	capital murder³
Kentucky	2	0	39	murder³; aggravated kidnapping
Louisiana	27	0	85	1st-degree murder; treason; rape⁵
Maine	-	-	-	no death penalty
Maryland	5	0	5	1st-degree murder⁶
Massachusetts	-	-	-	no death penalty
Michigan	-	-	-	no death penalty
Minnesota	-	-	-	no death penalty
Mississippi	8	0	65	capital murder; aircraft hijacking
Missouri	66	0	45	1st-degree murder
Montana	3	0	2	capital murder³; capital sexual assault
Nebraska	3	0	10	1st-degree murder³
Nevada	12	0	83	1st-degree murder³
New Hampshire	0	0	0	capital murder (6 types)
New Jersey	-	-	-	no death penalty
New Mexico	1	0	1	1st-degree murder³
New York	-	-	-	no death penalty
North Carolina	43	0	166	1st-degree murder
North Dakota	-	-	-	no death penalty
Ohio	26	2	186	murder³
Oklahoma	86	3	82	1st-degree murder³
Oregon	2	0	35	murder³
Pennsylvania	3	0	228	1st-degree murder³
Rhode Island	-	-	-	no death penalty
South Carolina	37	1	58	murder³
South Dakota	1	1	3	1st-degree murder³; aggravated kidnapping
Tennessee	4	2	96	1st-degree murder³
Texas	405	26	370	criminal homicide³
Utah	6	0	10	murder³
Vermont	-	-	-	no death penalty
Virginia	98	0	20	1st-degree murder³
Washington	4	0	8	1st-degree murder³
West Virginia	-	-	-	no death penalty
Wisconsin	-	-	-	no death penalty
Wyoming	1	0	2	1st-degree murder
totals⁷	1,099	42	3,263

¹In 1976 the US Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was not unconstitutional. ²In mid-2002 the Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make decisions determining death penalty cases and that it was unconstitutional to execute mentally retarded offenders. ³With aggravating factors or circumstances. ⁴With bodily injury or ransom when the victim dies. ⁵Aggravated rape of a victim under 12. ⁶Pre-meditated or committed during the act of a felony and meeting certain death penalty requirements. ⁷Detail may not add to total given because of inclusion of federal and military executions and prisoners.

Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

The FBI evolved from an unnamed force appointed by Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte on 26 Jul 1908. It is the unit of the Department of Justice responsible for investigating foreign intelligence and terrorist activities and violations of federal criminal law. The president appoints the director of the FBI with confirmation from the Senate. Since J. Edgar Hoover’s tenure, a director’s term may not exceed 10 years. Acting directors are not included in this table.

name	dates of service
Stanley Finch	26 Jul 1908-30 Apr 1912
Alexander Bruce	30 Apr 1912-10 Feb 1919
Bielaski
William J. Flynn	1 Jul 1919-21 Aug 1921
William J. Burns	22 Aug 1921-14 Jun 1924
J. Edgar Hoover	10 Dec 1924-2 May 1972

name	dates of service
Clarence M. Kelley	9 Jul 1973-15 Feb 1978
William H. Webster	23 Feb 1978-25 May 1987
William S. Sessions	2 Nov 1987-19 Jul 1993
Louis J. Freeh	1 Sep 1993-25 Jun 2001
Robert S. Mueller, III	4 Sep 2001-

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Law and Crime (United States)

US Crime Trends, 2007

State Crime Rates, 2000-06

US Cities with Highest and Lowest Crime Rates

Total Arrests in the US

US State and Federal Prison Population

Death Penalty Sentences in the US

Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

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