Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
1 Introduction
2D cadastre has been implemented by many countries, this can be described as
consisting of components such as a reference frame with geodetic network, the
cadastral parcel, accurate large scale maps showing land parcels within a sector
in a district, within a region in the country, a unique parcel identifier within a land
information systems and a database management system to store all the informa-
tion concerning land. Most developed and developing countries have a cadastral
system which consists of the components as described, some well-organized and
others badly organized and not digital. Some of the problems associated with
2D cadastre include duplication, accessibility and flexibility of land records.
Previously, land records were a collection of chapter maps and written reports;
these usually take several months to prepare and coupled with poor archiving sys-
tems; the retrieval of such documents were very difficult to retrieve, which brings
to the fore problems associated with land acquisition, this hinders development.
Currently most cities have complex buildings and the ownership of flats in
such complex structures have become difficult to represent and document. A rapid
indoor survey technique is significant as this will enable the surveying of indoor
spaces to be carried out in a more efficient way than extracting data from CAD or
from other sources. The significance of representing cadastre for office or com-
mercial lots is important for determining the value of such lots or spaces.
In this research, 3D data capturing for 3D cadastre was one of the main objec-
tives, the authors proposed a rapid indoor building surveying methodology suitable
for Malaysian 3D cadastre. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for 3D
visualization of 3D captured data and 3D model reconstruction.
2 3D Data Collection and Representation
In 3D cadastre, the methodology for data capture will depend on the 3D objects
being collected (building, pipelines, tunnels), hence the method of data capturing
may be different (Aien et al.
2011
). Traditional land surveying, aerial photogram-
metry and terrestrial laser scanning are the most used methods to capture the data
required for cadastre. Traditional land surveying is the oldest method for data cap-
turing in the surveying field. Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) is the most
used device in this field. Traditional land surveying compared to photogrammetry
and laser scanning method is far cheaper but not precise as laser scanning and not
as fast as photogrammetry for a large area.
Photogrammetry is the use of an airplane with fixed cameras to take photos of
earth from a pre-planned distance. Photogrammetry can help to capture data for
a large area. Laser scanning method is the newest data capturing method with a
high precision result but too expensive compared to the photogrammetry and land
surveying. 3D data capturing devices are introduced: the Total Station (Leica 307
TCR), laser scanner (Faro Photon 120/20) and rangefinder (LaserAce 1000). The
