Geosynthetic Reinforcement in the Mitigation of Pipeline Flotation - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 242

Figure 8 Strain in the geogrid versus pipe flotation—test 3.

adequate retention of sand was not possible. If the sand is loose, it contributes less
toward the bending resistance while confined by the geosynthetic. When the soil
cement was used above the geogrid, the flexural rigidity was increased. The
effects of using gravel had been illustrated in test 3. Thus, the geogrid shall not
only be considered as tensile reinforcement, but also functioned as an anchor.

Figure 9 Strain in the geogrid versus pipe flotation—test 4.