Geosynthetic Reinforcement in the Mitigation of Pipeline Flotation - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 243

Figure 10

Strain in the geogrid versus pipe flotation—test 5.

8 LOAD ACTING ON THE PIPE

The relationships between buoyancy and counterweight of the pipe are shown in
Table 2 .
The resisting force includes the contribution of dead load of regions A, B,
and C of the backfill material and the deadweight of the pipe (Fig. 12) .

Figure 11 Deformation of geogrid.