Geosynthetic Reinforcement in the Mitigation of Pipeline Flotation - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 241

Figure 7 Strain in the geogrid versus pipe flotation—test 2: (top) strain gauges 21-24;
(bottom) strain gauges 35-38.
7 DEFORMATION OF GEOGRID
The deformation of the geogrid is schematically illustrated in Fig. 11 . The
geogrid behaved as a cantilever beam when the pipe was uplifted. The backfill
soil above the geogrid acted as the resisting load against flotation. When the sand
was used, and if the geosynthetic has a large aperture, such as in this study,