Intensification of Aerobic Processing of the Organic Wastes into Compost - Composting for Sustainable Agriculture - page 29

Table 2.2 Nutrient contents of animal manure composition
Name of Animals

Nutrient con tents (%)
Н 2 О Organic substances Nitrogen P 2 0

Horned Livestocks 81 16 0.4 0.2

Hens 57 29 1.5 1.3

Ducks 54 25 1.0 1.4

Horses 73 22 0.5 0.4

Pigs 78 17 0.5 0.4

Rabbits 75 23 1.1 1.2

Sheeps 64 31 0.7 0.4

participating in reception compost, in particular in degradation of fibers, was value
рН 7.0-8.0 whereas the greatest speed of degradation of the carbohydrates, ob-
served at early stages of maturing compost, happened at рН 6.0-9.0 (Glenn 1990 ).
Change of time composting for processing house waste due to initiation of a
phase of low value рН at the control mesophilic temperatures has been investi-
gated at an initial stage composting house waste until value рН did not reach some
constant value. For this purpose рН value was measured in a condensate received
after cooling compost of gas. The assumption has been put forward, that activity of
microorganisms at low value рН suppresses with fast growth of temperature. The
sharp increase in value рН due to decomposition of fat acids, apparently, is a good
marker of the termination of the temperature control (Ohins 1994 ).

2.4 Types of Various Substrates for Compost and their

Importance

Composting with immense importance in agriculture is concern under uses of vari-
ous substrates. These substrates are following:

2.4.1 Composting Manure of Agricultural Animals

As already it was marked earlier, reception of fertilizers from manure of agricul-
tural animals is known from an extreme antiquity. Some concepts about structure
of manure of agricultural animals and birds can be gathered in Table 2.2 (Walsh
et al. 1991 ; Neklyudov and Ivankin 2003 ), and also from works of other authors
(Logsdon 1993 ). Apparently from Table 2.2 , manure contains a lot of necessary
nutrients for plants: significant amounts of carbon and nitrogen, and 80-85 % are
necessary on organic connections of these substances (Walsh et al. 1991 ; Logsdon
1993 ) and also significant amounts of phosphorus. Besides phosphorus (Table 2.2 ),
manure contains significant amounts of potassium and magnesium and practically
all the microcells necessary for growth and development of plants (Logsdon 1993 ).