Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
effective, in comparison with other kinds, aeration of section type lengthways hori-
zontally laid composting ledge by means of the compressor if speed of aeration
is supervised in conformity with speed of process of decomposition of an organic
material. Besides the gases departing at controllable section aeration compost ledge,
contain smaller quantity bed smelling and flying substances.
Various methods aerobic composting are discussed in works (Mahimairaja et al.
1995
; Bustamante et al.
2011
). From the considered methods it becomes clear, that
the most suitable are methods of physical and microbiological processing in aerobic
thermophile conditions. The basic problem at such kinds of processing—foaming
during process. Methods which can solve this problem are offered. Aerobic ther-
mophile composting is a simple and inexpensive method which can resolve prob-
lem decontamination on farms where the given way is constantly used for waste
disposal. The content of water in punched mixes has essential value for reception
high-quality of compost. Usually process proceeds effectively enough at the main-
tenance of water in a punched mix of 35-65 % (Walsh et al.
1991
). To support these
values especially important at compulsory aeration when water leaves together with
departing air (Doublet et al.
2010
; Yu et al.
2011
; Cellier et al.
2012
; Mostafid
et al.
2012
; Angin et al.
2013
). For understanding of interrelation between humidity,
temperature, and microbial activity have been carried out researches at composting
mixes of firm oozy deposits from city sewage. Microbial activity was defined, how
speed of consumption of oxygen, mg/kg s. Moisture load was the dominating factor
influencing microbial activity of the punched mix. Humidity of 50 %, apparently, is
that minimal limit below which it should not fall. In this case activity of microor-
ganisms above, than 1.0 mg/kg s. The temperature also was the important factor at
composting mixes of waste. However it rendered smaller influence, than moisture
content. In particular, increase of activity of the microorganisms, caused by increase
in temperature; it was possible to reach one increase in humidity.
2.3.4
pH Value
Value рН in a mix—one of parameters of efficiency of process composting. Usually
sizes рН vary from sub-acidic up to neutral and alkalescent values due to formation
of ammonium, i.e., in an interval рН 4.5-8.1. As a rule, these values are closely
connected with activity of microorganisms which participate during composting
(Bustamante et al.
2011
; Carbonell et al.
2011
; Mostafid et al.
2012
). Composting
in a mode рН-controlled it has been shown on various kinds of city dust. In рН-
controlled process to compost added lime to neutralize pathogenic microorganisms
and to prevent downturn рН below 7.0, in particular at early stages composting.
Speed of decomposition of organic materials was above in рН-controlled a reac-
tor in comparison with a reactor without the control рН. The quantity of losses
of nitrogen in рН-controlled rose, but the degree of transformation of nitrogenous
components remained low. Also pH-dependence of the micro-sorbents participating
in composting components. Optimum value рН for activity of the microorganisms
