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In-Depth Information
Design and Optimization of a 2x2 Directional
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Cerin Ninan, Chandra Shekhar, and M. Radhakrishna
Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India
{imi2011004,rs62,mkrishna}@iiita.ac.in
Abstract.
In this paper, a 2x2 inset-fed directional microstrip patch
antenna is proposed for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) fre-
quency band. The proposed antenna is designed at 2.45 GHz for com-
mercially available substrate RT/Duroid 4350 having thickness 0.762 mm
and relative dielectric constant 3.48. The EM simulation has been carried
out to study the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna using IE3D
Software. The simulation results show a gain of 7.3 dBi with a directivity
of 9.6 dBi and a 3 dB beam width of 59
.
8
o
. Further the proposed antenna
design is compared with other antenna designs.
Keywords:
Microstrip patch antenna, Microstrip patch array antenna,
Inset-fed.
1 Introduction
An antenna is an electric transducer used to convert electrical power to radio
waves or vice-versa. It has its application in wide areas such as radio broad-
casting, communication receivers, cell phones and so on [1]. A microstrip patch
antenna is used quite often because of its low cost, simplicity of fabrication, light
weight etc.
A microstrip antenna consists of a dielectric substrate placed in between ra-
diating patch and a ground plane [2] as shown in Fig. 1. The radiating patch is
made of a conducting material like copper or gold which can be of any shape
[3]. The dielectric constant normally lies in the range of 2
12 [1]. The
radiation from the microstrip antenna is mainly due to fringing field between
the patch and the ground plane as shown in Fig.2. A microstrip patch antenna
also has some disadvantages such as low gain and bandwidth.The bandwidth,
gain and radiation pattern of patch antenna can be improved by using a thick
dielectric substrate of low dielectric constant [4,5]. But this type of substrate
increases the size of the patch antenna.
In order to compensate these disadvantages, an array of patch antennas is
used. This array improves the gain, bandwidth and radiation pattern of the
patch antenna [3]. In this paper a 2x2 inset-fed microstrip patch antenna is
designed for commercially available substrate RT/Duroid 4350 having relative
dielectric constant of
r
= 3.48 and thickness of h= 0.762 mm.
≤
r
≤
