Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
permanence at elevated temperatures. Trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) is much
less volatile than DOP, perhaps by about two orders of magnitude under
some circumstances. This can be important for applications where building
codes require higher temperature rating of electrical wiring.
O
O
O
O
O
O
TOTM
Plasticizers based upon aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are also used, mainly
where low temperature flexibility of PVC is required such as in some film
and plastic wrap applications. One common plasticizer in this class is dioctyl
adipate (DOA).
O
O
O
O
DOA
Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are also esterified with glycols such as
1,4-butanediol to make polymeric plasticizers. They have low volatility and
resistance to migration and extraction.
Aromatic esters of phosphoric acid are also sometimes used. They can
have a plasticization effect but can also act as flame retardants. They are
used in some specialty PVC applications, cellulose acetate film applications,
and polyphenylene oxide blends. Examples include triphenyl phosphate and
resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate).
O
O
O
O
O
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
Triphenyl phosphate
Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate)
9.10 OTHERS
There is a myriad of other additives commonly used in polymer formulations.
Inorganic fillers such as mica, clay, or glass fibers add strength and stiffness
to the polymer article. They can also decrease mold shrinkage. When a plastic
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