Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
15.
V.P.Naib, 'The Nuclear Threat',
Indian Defence Review
8/1 (Jan. 1993) pp.61-2.
16.
Bharat Karnad, 'A Thermonuclear Deterrent', in Mattoo (note 5) p.135.
17.
Ibid. p.133.
18.
Maj.-Gen. (retd.) Ashok K.Mehta, 'Case for a Nuclear Doctrine with Minimum
Deterrence',
India Abroad,
28 Aug. 1998.
19.
'India: Defense Experts Differ on Nuclear Deterrence',
FBIS-NES-98-167,
16 June
1998.
20.
H.B.Hollins
et al., The Conquest of War: Alternative Strategies for Global Security
(Boulder: Westview Press 1989) pp.54-55.
21.
See, for example, David Lewis, 'Finite Counterforce' in H. Shue (ed.),
Nuclear
Deterrence
and Moral Restraint
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989)
pp.51-115; Lawrence Martin, 'Minimum Deterrence',
Faraday Discussion Paper
No. 8
(London: Council for Arms Control 1987).
22.
Barry Buzan,
Strategic Studies: Military Technology and International Relations
(London: Macmillan 1987) p.193.
23.
Ibid. p.194.
24.
See the remarks of Regina Karp in Serge Sur (ed.),
Nuclear Deterrence: Problems
and
Perspectives in the 1990s
(New York: UNIDIR 1993) p.122.
25.
Ibid. p.123.
26.
The history of this search to define nuclear sufficiency, together with a review of
all the intellectual innovations it produced, has been usefully reviewed in Fred
Kaplan,
The
Wizards of Armageddon
(New York: Simon and Schuster 1983).
27.
A good analysis of how sufficiency came to be characterized in the United States
until the 1970s can be found in Jerome H.Kahan,
Security in the Nuclear Age
(Washington DC: Brookings 1975); from the 1970s until the end of the Cold War,
see John M.Collins,
US/Soviet Military Balance Statistical Trends, 1970-1981
(Washington DC: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service 1982), and
John M.Collins,
US/Soviet Military
Balance Statistical Trends, 1980-1989
(Washington DC: CRS, Library of Congress 1990). See also, John M.Collins,
US-
Soviet Military Balance: Concepts and Capabilities,
1960-1980
(New York:
Aviation Week 1980).
28.
Jasjit Singh, 'Nukes Have No Prestige Value',
The Indian Express,
4 June 1998.
29.
K.Subrahmanyam, 'Not a Numbers Game: Minimum Cost of N-Deterrence',
The
Times of
India,
7 Dec. 1998.
30.
Kapil Sibal, 'Toy Gun Security: Flaws in India's Nuclear Deterrence',
The Times
of India,
13 Jan. 1999.
31.
Manoj Joshi, 'India Must Have Survivable N-Arsenal',
The Times of India,
30
April 2000.
32.
'India Not to Engage in a N-Arms Race: Jaswant',
The Hindu,
29 Nov. 1999.
33.
Ibid.
34.
Nair,
Nuclear India
(note 7) p.170.
35.
Ibid.
36.
Ibid. pp.170-71.
37.
Ibid. p.181. As Balachandran's analysis points out, however, these small inventory
sizes are crucially dependent on India's possessing the high-yield weapons called
for in Nair's calculations. Absent such weapons, the number of nuclear weapons
required to obliterate these targets immediately goes up from the few tens in Nair's
analysis to many hundreds or, more precisely, from 132 weapons of varying yields
