Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
The Times of India,
14 July 1998; Praful Bidwai, 'Regaining Nuclear Sanity',
The
Times of India,
5 June 1998; Achin Vanaik, 'Drawing new lines',
The Hindu,
23
May 1998; Achin Vanaik, 'Hotter than a thousand suns',
The Telegraph,
26 May
1998; Kanti Bajpai, 'The Fallacy of an Indian Deterrent', in Amitabh Mattoo (ed.),
India's Nuclear Deterrent
(New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications 1999) pp.150-88;
and Praful Bidwai, Achin Vanaik, and Arundhati Roy,
New
Nukes: India, Pakistan
and Global Nuclear Disarmament
(Northampton, MA: Interlink 2000).
6.
This position has been affirmed most clearly in Jasjit Singh, 'A Nuclear Strategy for
India', in Jasjit Singh (ed.),
Nuclear India
(New Delhi: Knowledge World 1998)
pp.306-24. However, echoes of this position can also be found in the writings of
other Indian commentators. These are explored in the context of the wider Indian
debate on nuclear weapons in Kanti Bajpai, 'India's Nuclear Posture After Pokhran
IF,
International Studies
37/4 (Oct.-Dec. 2000) pp.267-301.
7.
See, for example, N.C.Menon, 'Subtleties of Sagarika',
The Hindustan Times,
11
May 1998; S.Chandrashekar, 'In defense of nukes',
The Economic Times,
17 May
1998; M.D. Nalapat, 'India needs to expand scope of nuclear diplomacy',
The
Times of India,
18 Dec. 1998; Bharat Karnad, 'A Thermonuclear Deterrent', in
Mattoo,
India's Nuclear Deterrent
(note 5) pp.108-49; Vijai K.Nair,
Nuclear India
(New Delhi: Lancer International 1992) pp.152-72; Brahma Chellaney, 'Nuclear-
Deterrent Posture', in idem (ed.),
Securing India's
Future in the New Millennium
(New Delhi: Orient Longman 1999) pp.141-222; and Raja Menon,
A Nuclear
Strategy for India
(New Delhi: Sage Publications 2000) pp.177-234.
8.
This sentence is based on Rear-Adm. Richard Kempenfelt's famous eighteenth-
century description of a fleet-in-being, cited in Geoffrey Till,
Maritime Strategy
and the Nuclear
Age,
2nd ed. (New York: St Martin's Press 1984) p.114.
9.
The Federation of American Scientists notes that 'when the Third UN
Disarmament Conference, held in 1988, decided that the next logical step in the
disarmament process would be measures to halt production of chemical weapons,
Indian diplomats responded by claiming that India had no chemical weapons.
Foreign Minister K.Natwar Singh repeated this claim in 1989 in the Paris
Conference of the State Parties to the Geneva Protocol of 1925, as did Minister of
State Eduardo Faleiro who repeated it at the Jan. 1993 Paris Conference CWC
signing ceremony'. See, 'India: Chemical Weapons' at www.fas.org/ nuke/guide/
india/cw/, which remains the best summary description of India's chemical
weapons program.
10.
The history of the Prithvi program is very usefully recounted in W.P.S.Sidhu, 'The
Development of an Indian Nuclear Doctrine Since 1980' (unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge, Feb. 1997) pp.246-68.
11.
Greg J.Gerardi, 'India's 333rd Prithvi Missile Group',
Jane's Intelligence Review
7/
8 (Aug. 1995) pp.361-4; R.Jeffrey Smith, 'India Moves Missiles Near Pakistani
Border',
The
Washington Post,
3 June 1997; 'India's Missile Move',
The
Washington Post,
9 June 1997.
12.
For an excellent summary of this particular posture, see K.Sundarji, 'Prithvi in the
Haystack',
India Today International,
30 June 1997, p.49.
13.
Tarun Basu, 'Nuclear Doctrine Emerges, but Tension Mounts on Border',
India
Abroad,
14 Aug. 1998, p.26.
14.
K.Subrahmanyam, 'Educate India in Nuclear Strategy',
The Times of India,
22 May
1998.
