Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1.15 SONOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND OTHERS
Single crystalline CdSe nanotubes have been successfully
synthesized by a sonoelectrochemical route in aqueous solution
at room temperature [228]. The sonoelectrochemical method is
accomplished by applying an electric current pulse to nucleate and
perform the electrodeposit, followed by a burst of ultrasonic energy
that removes the products from the sonic probe cathode [229,230].
The growth progress suggested that the CdSe nanotubes were
fabricated by sonication-induced rolling-up of CdSe nanosheets
and the resulting CdSe products are in tubular structure. This
method is simple, convenient, and environmentally benign. Such
sonoelectrochemical way is plausible to be extended to synthesis of
other nanomaterials.
1.16 CONCLUSIONS
Electrochemical nanofabrication itself includes both top-down
nanofabrication (e.g., electrochemical lithography) and bottom-
up process such as electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-
ALE). Nano-templates, including anodized aluminum oxide (AAO)
membranes, colloidal polystyrene (PS) latex spheres, single/aligned
carbon nanotubes, graphene, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs),
blocked copolymers, and cyclodextrin molecules, can be used for the
preparation of various types of nanowires, nanotubes, ordered arrays
of nanoparticles and nanodots electrochemically. 3D nanomaterials
can be synthesized using LIGA and ultrashort voltage pulsing method.
Combining electrochemistry with other nanofabrication techniques
such as FIB provides many novel strategies in the fabrication
of nanomaterials with specific design. Selective areas in the
nanoscale can be modified by electrochemical nanostructuring with
metals, metal oxides, semiconducting (e.g., ZnO, TiO
) nanotubes,
nanorods, quantum dots, and conducting polymers using a bipolar
electrochemical technique. In the construction of soft matters such
as conducting polymers, traditional spin casting cannot guarantee
nanostructures due to the fast speed of solvent evaporation.
The traditional lithography and pattern technique is costly.
Electrochemical technique provides an innovative and economic way
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