Vascular Endothelium - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 597

Sh c(Ri)

Ri

Rnm

St c(Rne) Rne

Sh a(Ri)

h EC

St a(Rnm)

St c(Rnm)

St a(Rne)

h SMC

Fig. 9.13 Couple for mechanotransduction at the microscopic scale: endothelial and smooth
muscle cells that govern the vasomotor tone.

Table 9.34. Regulators of the vasomotor tone.

Vasoconstrictors Vasodilators

ET1 NO

TXA2 H 2 S

PGF2 α PGI2

UP4A EDHF/EET, DHET

ATP Acetylcholine

5HT ANP

NPY Adrenomedullin

20HETE Urocortin

Apelin (SMC) Apelin (EC, via NO)

Motilin Ghrelin

Neuromedin-U Nociceptin

S1P
Urotensin-2

Two time-dependent stress types are considered: (1) small-amplitude wall shear
stress (WSS) on wetted surface of the endothelial cell and (2) large-magnitude
pressure-induced wall axial and azimuthal stretch (T) exerted on the basolateral
surface of the endothelial cell and the plasma membrane of the smooth myocyte.
A set of hypotheses is needed. The vasomotor tone is only regulated by 2 types