Vascular Endothelium - Tissue Functioning and Remodeling in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems - page 598

Table 9.35. Endothelin-1 receptors - ET A and ET B - have opposite effects in the regulation of
the vasomotor tone as well as other processes.

ET A ET B

Vasoconstriction Vasodilation

(NO inhibition) (NOS coupling)

ROS production ROS decrease

(vSMC) (EC)

Extravasation Extravasation inhibition

passive lumen deformation

NS solver stress field

process time scale O(1h)

quiescent cells
(no growth, no death)

Sh (Ri)

signaling

St (Rne)

NO ET

mutual inhibition

EC

positive feedback

autocrine regulation

(modulation)

vSMC

signaling delay

(store vs. synthesis)

T* + τ

St (Rnm) signaling

VC

(k)

T*

A + M AM

(k')

VD

Fig. 9.14 Simple model of the complex mechanotransduction for regulation of the vasomo-
tor tone. The microscopic couple includes synergistic endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
The nanoscopic couple encompasses antagonists nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator, and endothelin-1
(ET), a vasoconstrictor.

of processes: (1) endothelium-independent regulation via pressure-induced stretch
action on mechanosensitive sensors S in the plasma membrane of the smooth
myocyte and (2) endothelium-mediated regulation via release of NO or ET that