Decision-Making Support Tools for Managing Electronic Waste - Environmental Contamination: Health Risks and Ecological Restoration - page 219

TABLE 11.2
Life.Cycle.Assessment.and.Risk.Assessment

Authors Areas

Olsen.et.al..(2001) Chemicals

Anex.and.Focht.(2002) Public.participation

Cowell.et.al..(2002) Policy

Nishioka.et.al..(2002) Insulation

Sonnemann.et.al..(2004) Industrial.processes

Benetto.et.al..(2006) Mineral.waste

Mouron.et.al..(2006) Agriculture

Socolof.and.Geibig.(2006) Solder.product

Wright.et.al..(2008) Economic

life. cycle. assessment. and. risk. assessment.. They. found. that. social. values.
applied.equally.to.both.tools..Benetto.et.al..(2006).used.both.life.cycle.assess-
ment.and.risk.assessment.to.support.decision.making.in.mineral.waste.reuse.
scenarios..These.tools.are.more.eficient.for.environmental.assessment.and.
for.inding.beneicial.ways.to.reuse.mineral.wastes.in.cases.where.there.are.
no.regulations.or.standards..Socolof.and.Geibig.(2006).applied.LCA.and.RA.
tools.to.human.and.ecological.impacts.through.life.cycle.of.lead.solder.prod-
ucts:.Both.tools.enhanced.understanding.of.issues.in.the.European.ban.on.
lead. solder. and. the. resulting. improvement. of. public. health.. Wright. et. al..
(2008). investigated. a. screening-level. analysis. that. is. assessed. with. an. eco-
nomic.input-output.life.cycle.assessment.model.and.a.risk.assessment.tool..
They. found. that. these. tools.are.appropriate. for. conducting.screening-level.
analysis.and.can.be.used.to.classify.the.critical.life.cycle.stage.and,.in.par-
ticular,.emerging.chemicals.during.the.recycling.of.e-waste.
We.believe.that.by.integrating.LCA.and.RA.to.assist.decision.making.a.sys-
tem.could.be.devised.for.managing.the.disposal.of.e-waste.using.landills..LCA.
and.RA.are.combined.as.conceptual.tools.and.complement.one.another.in.the.
assessment.of.environmental.issues.(Olsen.et.al..2001;.Benetto.et.al..2006;.Mouron.
et.al..2006;.Socolof.and.Geibig.2006).and.as.decision.support.mechanisms.(Anex.
and.Focht.2002;.Cowell.et.al..2002;.Benetto.et.al..2006;.Shatkin.2008)..The.focus.
of.LCA.is.in.the.product.and.process.areas,.whereas.RA.emphasizes.the.chemi-
cal.area,.based.on.toxicology.and.ecotoxicology.(Flemström.et.al..2004).

LifeCycleAssessment
Life.cycle.assessment.(LCA).is.a.tool.for.evaluating.the.environmental.impact.
of.products,.processes,.and.services.during.a.product's.entire.life.span.and.
is.also.used.for.environmental.decision.making..The.technical.framework.of.