Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
management.model.of.e-waste.from.a.variety.of.components,.which.included.
the.e-waste.sources,.the.recyclers,.and. the.processors.and.consumers.of.dif-
ferent. devices.. Life. cycle. assessment. (LCA). is. one. of. the. tools. in. e-waste.
management.that.is.used.to.assess.the.electronic.products.such.as.computers.
(Ahluwalia.and.Nema.2007;.Babbitt.et.al..2009;.Duan.et.al..2009),.televisions.
(Dodbiba.et.al..2007),.mobile.phones.(Scharnhorst.et.al..2005),.and.laptops.(Lu.
et.al..2006)..In.addition,.“multi-criteria,”.a.tool.that.determines.the.appropriate.
options.in.e-waste.management,.is.also.used.(Lee.et.al..2001;.Rousis.et.al..2008).
Material.low.analysis.is.a.tool.to.study.the.route.e-waste.takes.to.low.into.
recycling.sites.or.disposal.areas..This.tool.has.been.used.to.manage.e-wastes..
Shinkuma.and.Nguyen.Thi.Minh.(2009).used.material.low.analysis.to.inves-
tigate. the. low. of. e-waste. in. Asia.. They. found. that. most. of. the. e-waste. is.
recycled.in.China..This.study.led.to.a.recommendation.to.provide.suitable.
recycling.services.in.China.to.service.the.Asia.region..Steubing.et.al..(2010).
investigated. e-waste. generation. using. material. low. analysis.. They. found.
that.the.e-waste.generation.will.increase.four.to.ive.times.during.2010-2019.
Many.technologies.are.created.to.recover.material.in.recycling.process.or.
reduce.material.use..Mohabuth.and.Miles.(2005).used.the.vertical.vibration.
technique. to. recover. material. from. e-waste.. This. technique. splits. a. blend.
of.plastic.and.bronze.in.water..Cui.and.Zhang.(2008).reviewed.metallurgi-
cal.processing.to.recover.valuable.material.from.e-waste..The.authors.state.
that.biotechnology.is.the.best.technique.for.recovering.precious.metals.and.
copper..Jiang.et.al..(2008).used.a.roll-type.corona-electrostatic.separator.in.a.
recycling.process,.which.is.an.eficient.technique..Moreover,.Platcheck.et.al..
(2008).investigated.the.methodology.for.ecodesign.of.electronic.equipment.
to.be.environmentally.friendly.
ToolsforDecisionMaking
E-waste. is. one. of. the. most. complicated. solid. wastes. to. deal. with,. due. to. a.
range. of. dificulties. encountered. in. managing. electronic. components. that.
comprise.toxic.material..However,.numerous.researchers.have.used.life.cycle.
assessment.(LCA).and.risk.assessment.(RA).as.part.of.their.decision.making.
to.support.e-waste.management.
LCA. and. RA. are. both. effective. tools. for. evaluating. environmental. and.
human.health.issues.as.well.as.decision.making,.as.illustrated.in.Table.11.2..
For.instance,.Olsen.et.al..(2001).compared.similarities,.differences,.and.rela-
tionships.between.life.cycle.assessment.and.risk.assessment.with.reference.
to. chemical. substances. over. the. entire. lifespan. of. certain. products,. with. a.
view. to. reducing. environmental. and. health. problems.. The. authors. stated.
that.neither.tools.can.replace.the.other.but.they.can.beneit.each.other..Anex.
and.Focth.(2002).found.there.was.a.shared.need.for.public.participation.in.
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