Health Effects of Metals in Ambient Air Particulate Matter - Aerosols: Measurement, Dosimetry, and Health Effects - page 376

HR heart rate

HRV heart rate variability

IL-6 interleuken-6, an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inlammatory and anti-

inlammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate
immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to
inlammation

IL-8 interleuken-8, a chemokine (ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby respon-

sive cells) produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells

IT intratracheal

K potassium

LDH lactate dehydrogenase

LYM lymphocyte

MEF mid-expiratory low rate

MI myocardial infarction

MMAD mass median aerodynamic diameter

MS metabolic syndrome

NAC N -Acetylcysteine

NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NF k B nuclear factor kappa B

NHANES III Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Ni nickel

NMMAPS National Morbidity and Mortality Air Pollution Study

NO 2 nitrogen dioxide

O 3 ozone

OC organic carbon

ppb parts per billion

PAH polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon

PEF peak expiratory low rate

PM particulate matter

PM 0.18 PM with diameters <0.18 μm, a practical pseudo-ultraine aerosol

PM 10 PM with aerodynamic diameters <10 μm

PM 10-2.5 PM with aerodynamic diameters between 2.5 and 10 μm, aka coarse thoracic PM

PM 2.5 PM with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm, aka ine PM

PMN polymorpho-nucleus leukocyte, neutrophil

Pt platinum

QT interval interval between Q and T waves of a normal ECG tracing

R-R interval interval between two adjacent R waves of a normal ECG tracing

RBC red blood cell

RMSSD root mean square of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal beat

ROFA residual oil ly ash

ROS reactive oxygen species

RR relative risk

SBP systolic blood pressure

SD Sprague-Dawley (rat)

SDNN standard deviation of normal-to-normal heart beat

SH spontaneously hypertensive (rat)

SHR spontaneously hypertensive rat

SO 2 sulfur dioxide

SO 4 = sulfate ion

ST-segment in ECG tracing, ST-segment starts at the J point ( junction between the QRS complex

and ST segment) and ends at the beginning of the T wave