Biomedical Engineering Reference
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(a)
(b)
Figure 2.5.
(a) TEM micrographs showing the effect of carbonate incorporation on the crystal
size and morphology of apatite. Apatites prepared by hydrolysis method containing (in wt %
CO
3
): 0.5 (A) 2.5 (B) 12.5 (C) and 17.2 (D) [81,82]. (b) Single crystals of carbonate apatite crystals
obtained by hydrothermal reaction [41].
However, lateral position and direction of the CO
3
triangle are three-
differently reported:
(i) the C atom and one of the three O atoms are located on the
c
- axis, thus
bisector of CO
3
plane coincides with the
c
- axis [115] ;
(ii) the two of the three 0 atoms are located near the
c
- axis, thus bisector of
CO
3
triangle is nearly normal to the
c
- axis [Ito 15 - 17];
(iii) bisector of CO
3
triangle is nearly parallel to the
c
- axis but the CO
3
tri-
angle rotated about the horizontal axis so that the apical oxygen atom is
displaced slightly off the
c
- axis [24] .
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