Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.2
Representative hard corona proteins associated with AuNRs incubated in 10 % FBS for
different thermal and photothermal treatments (incubation at 37, 45
C, and continuous lasers), as
identified by LC-MS/MS; standard deviations were obtained from three individual tests (adapted
with permission from [
34
])
NSpC
Molecular
weight
(kDa)
Continuous
laser
(27.5 min)
Continuous
laser
(55 min)
Heated at
45
C
37
C
Protein name
69
Serum albumin
5.43
0.10
3.76
1.11
9.75
2.05
9.42
0.70
46
α
-1-antiproteinase
precursor
4.22
0.24
6.05
3.33
6.37
0.7
7.08
0.59
38
α
-2-HS-glycoprotein
precursor
7.71
1.57
3.77
1.86 10.02
0.73 14.17
1.79
30
Apolipoprotein A-I
precursor
14.95
4.90
9.97
3.29
6.88
2.97
8.40
0.28
16
Hemoglobin fetal
subunit beta
9.72
3.85 13.88
0.39
9.51
1.89 13.12
2.06
15
Hemoglobin
5.50
1.59
18.4
5.09
4.84
2.51
5.60
1.63
11
Apolipoprotein
A-II precursor
5.89
0.17
7.49
1.08
7.12
0.68 12.51
2.51
11
Apolipoprotein C-III
precursor
2.45
0.22
2.90
0.01
4.14
0.02
6.02
1.02
significant changes in the levels of serum albumin associated with the hard corona
(see Fig.
2.9
). In addition, the time of heat induction during hyperthermia procedure
can have a significant effect on the composition of the hard corona, as continuous
irradiation with various times (e.g., 27.5 and 55 min) led to different hard corona
compositions in the AuNR-protein complexes. The compositional changes
observed in the hard corona that are induced specifically by the laser irradiation
utilized during hyperthermia treatments are distinct from the changes caused by
simple solution heating at 45
C, and this may reflect relatively high localized
temperatures right at the AuNR surface during laser-induced heating.
2.5.2 Gradient Plasma
Although there are too many reports on the protein corona compositions at various
circumstances, the interaction between protein concentration gradients and differ-
ent nanoparticles, which would recapitulate the actual nanoparticle pathways in the
human body has been poorly understood [
35
]. During in vivo journey of
nanoparticles, they would be exposed to a variety of biological fluids, according
to their administration approaches (e.g., subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular,
