Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
ground water cross-flow from the lower hydrogeological stage to the upper
one. This conclusion is supported by a number of factors:
t
By the available data on the hydrochemical environment
in the Cenozoic hydrogeological water complexes of the
stage. They are saturated with syngenetic chlorine-calcium
high-salinity (up to 70 g/l) water and mosaically-developed
and forming negative concentration anomalies low-salinity
(9-33 g/l) alkaline water genetically associated with the
Mesozoic. (They are found mostly in the intensely faulted
crestal areas of individual structures, zones of diapir pierc-
ing and mud volcanoes - the Anastasiyev-Troitsk, Akhtyr-
Bugundyr, Abino-Ukrainskoye, Kudako-Kiyevskoye,
Moshkarevskoye, Vladislavovskoye and other fields).
t
By a match between the actual indicators of the forma-
tion water mixes' ion-salt composition and salinity in the
Paleocene-Pliocene stratigraphic range and the mixing
modeling results (see
Chapter
2).
Vertical migration involves the depth interval of 10 to 7 km and the
Jurassic-Pliocene stratigraphic range.
Additional confirmations of this vertical fluid-mass transfer model are
found in petroleum geology and petroleum geochemical data. They indi-
cate the association of hydrocarbon saturation in the region with fault
zones (Anikeyev, 1964, 1977; Lagunova, 1973). They also indicate quan-
titative control of oil and gas occurrences by the extent of local struc-
tures' faulting (Rachinsky, 1987, 1989), genetic unity of the oils in the
entire Meso-Cenozoic section (Chakhmachev, 1983) and the presence in
the Cenozoic reservoirs of the Mesozoic ageа hydrocarbons (Reznikov,
1970).
5.2.2.3
The Tersk-Caspian Trough
Current views of the hydrodynamic environment in the region are con-
tradictory. Sukharev, Kortsenshtein and Altovsky suggest the domination
of the infiltration regime in all sediment cover complexes. Kartsev, Kissin,
Nikanorov, Vagin, Volobuyev, Shalashin and Miroshnikov believe that the
Neogene section is under the influence of meteoric agents and the under-
lying section is dominated by the elision water-exchange with some ele-
ments of thermohydrodynamic waterhead system. Anikeyev, Krotova and
Dyunin consider vertical migration through faults and fractures to be the
main form of the fluid-mass transfer.
