Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
A number of factors do not leave place for a concept of a typical artesian
regime in the entire territory. These factors are:
t Exceptional commonality in the Caucasus Major's piedmont
zone of fresh and brakish thermal springs with rates of up to
86,000 CMD (the Tserikkel, Mamakayyurt, Goryachevodsk,
Sernovodsk and other groups). The zone is hypothesized
to be the charge area. The springs drain practically the
entire exposed Meso-Cenozoic section (Nikanorov and
Miroshnikov, 1970; Sulin, 1935; Sukharev and Miroshnikov,
1963) and “intercept” substantial volume of the infiltrates.
t Significant development in the zone of natural drainage -
erosion and river networks (Ardon, Sunzha, Terek, Assa,
Fortanga, Argun, Goyta, Elistanji, East Yaryk-Su and other
rivers). The drains manifest intense denudation cut-in into
the sediment sequence and remove much of the meteoric
agent from the artesian system.
t The Chernogor and Argudan-Sunzha faults separating the
folded belt flank of the trough from the Caucasus Major
Meganticlinorium assumed to be the bailing area.
t The development of high-salinity chlorine-calcium brines in
the Mesozoic and Paleogene water complexes close to their
surface exposures (see Chapter 2).
t Highly selective penetration by desalinated infiltrated water
of some intervals in the Eocene and Middle-Upper Miocene
complexes controlled only by the extent of exposure and
permeability of water members.
t Substantial deterioration in permeability of the carbonate
intervals of the section down the regional dip and increase
in the same direction of horizontal hydraulic resistance.
t Substantial formation pressure abnormality in reservoirs
exceeding the exposure elevations of the corresponding
intervals (Chapter 3).
At the same time, observations indicate that in most permeable Eocene
and Middle and Upper Miocene intervals (Chokrackian-Karaganian,
Meothic), are clearly present elements of dispersed infiltration feed with
charge areas mostly within Sunzha and Tersk anticlinal zones of local
highs. These members are exposed there. The position of a dispersed feed
in the stated area indicates penetration of meteoric water through individ-
ual reservoir beds up to the Terek syncline and anticline zones at a distance
of up to 10-20 km.
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