Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 10.2
Summary of Ecotoxicity for Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles
Nanomaterial
(Size)
Test Organism
Effect
References
Al
2
O
3
Bacteria
a
57%, 36%, 70% killing at
20 mg L
-1
[81]
<50 nm
Microtox
Nontoxic at 100 mg L
-1
[82]
C. elegans
24-h LC
50
= 82 mg L
-1
[83]
Zebrafish
Nontoxic
[84]
13 nm
Plants
b
EC
20
= 2 g L
-1
(root growth)
[85]
MgO, CaO ± Hal
E. colil
Bactericidal (with halides)
[57]
MgO 4-11 nm
Bacteria
c
Most active oxide, even
w/o light
[86]
CeO
2
Bacteria
Bactericidal
[14]
7 nm
E. colil
EC
50
= 5 mg L
-1
[87]
Microtox, Chydotox
Nontoxic at 100 mg L
-1
[82]
14, 20, 29 nm
P. subcapitata
EC
10
= 2.6-5.4 mg L
-1
(14-29 nm)
[88]
Crustaceans
d
DNA damage, strand
breaks
[89]
CuO 30 nm
Vibrio fischeri
30 min EC
50
= 79 mg L
-1
[5]
CuO
Yeast
e
24-h EC
50
= 13.4 mg L
-1
[90]
Protozoa
f
4-h EC
50
= 128 mg L
-1
[91]
P. subcapitata
72-h EC
50
= 0.7 mg Cu L
-1
[92]
30 nm
D. magna
g
48-h LC
50
= 3.2 mg Cu L
-1
[5]
Thamnocephalus
platyurus
g
24-h EC
50
= 2.1 mg L
-1
[5]
Er
2
O
3
<100 nm
Microtox
P. subcapitata
15 min EC
25
~1-10 mg L
-1
72-h-IC
25
~1-10 mg L
-1
[93]
[93]
Fe
3
O
4
7 nm
Marine bacteria
h
30 min, no effect
[64]
Bact. consortiumi
i
21 days, no effect
[64]
NiZnFe
4
O
4
<50 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h IC
25
~0.1-1 mg L
-1
[93]
CuZnFe
4
O
4
<100 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h IC
25
~1-10 mg L
-1
[93]
Cu/NiZnFe
4
O
4
T. platyurus
24-h LC
50
~10-100 mg L
-1
[93]
CuZnFe
4
O
4
<100 nm
Cnidarian test
j
96-h EC
50
~0.1-1 mg L
-1
[93]
HO
2
O
3
<100 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h IC
25
~1-10 mg L
-1
[93]
Cnidarian test
j
96-h EC
50
~0.1-1 mg L
-1
[93]
Indium tin oxide
<50 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h IC
25
~1-10 mg L
-1
[93]
T. platyurus
24-h EC
50
~10-100 mg L
-1
[93]
Cnidarian test
j
96-h EC
50
= 0.3 mg L
-1
[93]
Sm
2
O
3
<100 nm
MARA
k
18-h MTC ~1-10 mg L
-1
[93]
SiO
2
14 nm
B. subtilis
,
E. colil
l
+ Bactericidal
[94]
(
continued
)
