Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 10.2 (Continued)
Summary of Ecotoxicity for Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles
Nanomaterial
(Size)
Test Organism
Effect
References
Bacteria
a
40%, 58%, 70% killing at
20 mg L
-1
[81]
12.5, 27 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h EC
20
= 20 mg L
-1
(12.5 nm)
[95]
TiO
2
<100 nm
Bacteria
Bactericidal
[14]
66 nm
B. subtilis
,
E. colil
l
++ Bactericidal
[94]
V. fischeri
Nontoxic at 20 g L
-1
[5]
Yeast
c
Nontoxic
[90]
E. colil
LD
50
= 1105 mg L
-1
[96]
79 nm
E. colil
+ Light; 75% killing at
100 mg L
-1
[97]
50-150 nm
Microtox
Nontoxic at 100 mg L
-1
[82]
25-100 nm
Alga
m
EC
50
= 44 mg L
-1
(25 nm
diam)
[98-100]
140 nm
P. subcapitata
72-h EC
50
= 21 mg L
-1
[101]
P. subcapitata
72-h EC
50
= 5.8 mg Ti L
-1
[92]
25-100 nm
D. magna
n
48-h LC
50
= 5.5 mg L
-1
[102,103]
25-70 nm
D. magna
Nontoxic (48-h; no light)
[5]
D. magna
o
Mortality, reproductive
defects
[104]
C. elegans
24-h LC
50
= 80 mg L
-1
[83]
21 nm
Rainbow trout
Oxidative stress at 1 mg L
-1
[105]
21 nm
Zebrafish embryo
Not toxic up to 10 mg L
-1
[30,84]
25, 100 nm
Willow tree
Nontoxic at 100 mg L
-1
[106]
25, 100 nm
Eisenia fetida
Nontoxic at 1000 mg kg
-1
[107]
Collembola
Reproduction, IC
50
~1000
mg kg
-1
[107]
15 nm
Isopods
p
Sublethal effects,
antioxidant enzymes at
2 mg g
-1
food
[108]
21 nm
Mouse
q
Genotoxic at 500 mg kg
-1
[109]
[109] Pt
IV
-modiied
TiO
2
,
Bacteria
Bactericidal
[14]
C-doped TiO
2
,
Bactericidal
N-doped TiO
2
,
C and N doped particles
N-doped ZrO
2
active under sunlight
ZnO
Bacteria
Bactericidal
[14]
67 nm
B. subtilis
,
E. colil
l
+++ Bactericidal
[94]
30 nm
V. fischeri
30 min EC
50
= 1.9 mg L
-1
[5]
Yeast
c
24-h EC
50
= 158 mg L
-1
[90]
Protozoa
d
4-h EC
50
= 5 mg L
-1
[91]
(
continued
)
