Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Ophiothrix fragilis
p H
U
: 8.1; 7.9; 7.7
8 days
Intermediate pH resulted in 100% larval mortality after 8 days compared with
30% mortality in control pH. Low pH also resulted in a temporal decrease in
larval size and abnormal development and skeletogenesis.
[15]
Ophiura ophiura
p CO
2
: 553-594; 1282-1400;
2275-2546
Temperature
40 days
No difference in net calcii cation rates was observed between treatments, but
a 30% reduction in the rate of arm regeneration was observed in the
low-pH treatment.
[79]
pH
U
: 7.95-7.99; 7.62-7.66;
7.38-7.42
Ω
a
: 1.35-1.36; 0.63-0.77;
0.38-0.44
Patiriella regularis
p CO
2
: 324-335; 801-851;
1033-1104; 1695-1828
Temperature
15 min
Percentage fertilization was not signii cantly affected by CO
2
or temperature
treatments ranging from 18 to 26°C.
[9]
pH
U
: 8.25; 7.9; 7.8; 7.6
Ω
a
: 3.20-3.99; 1.64-2.10;
1.33-1.72; 0.87-1.13
Pisaster ochraceus
p CO
2
: 380; 780
Temperature
70 days
Growth and feeding rates increased with increasing T. Growth rate also
increased with increasing CO
2
while the relative calcii ed mass of the total
wet mass decreased from a mean of 11.5% at ambient CO
2
to 10.9%
at high CO
2
conditions.
[23]
Pseudechinus huttoni
p H
NBS
: 7 treatments of pH
between 6.0-8.1 (survival
exp);
9-13 days
Survival of larvae ranged from 76 to 104% between pH
NBS
7.0 and 8.1. 100%
mortality was observed in pH
NBS
6.0 and 34% survival was observed in
pH
NBS
6.5. Growth and calcii cation of larvae were reduced by 18.3% and
36.9%, respectively, in pH
NBS
7.7 compared with pH
NBS
8.1. The morphology
of larvae appeared unaffected.
[11]
pH
NBS
: 8.1; 7.7 (growth expt)
Sterechinus neumayeri
p H
NBS
: 7 treatments of pH
between 6.0 and 8.0
(survival expt);
7-17 days
Survival of larvae ranged from 89 to 110% between pH
NBS
6.5 and 8.1. 100%
mortality was observed in pH
NBS
6.0. Growth and calcii cation of larvae were
reduced by 1.8% and 3.9%, respectively, in pH
NBS
7.6 compared with
pH
NBS
8.1. The morphology of larvae appeared unaffected.
[11]
pH
NBS
: 8.0; 7.6 (growth expt)
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus
p CO
2
: 380; 540; 970
Temperature
96 h
Sea urchin larvae subjected to 1-h acute heat stress showed signii cantly
reduced ability to activate a gene for heat-stress inducible heat shock
protein under elevated CO
2
conditions.
[58]
pH
U
: 8.04; 7.98; 7.87
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
p CO
2
: 380; 540; 1020
<72 h
Sea urchin larvae exposed to elevated CO
2
showed signii cant decreases in
gene expression associated with major cellular processes including
biomineralization, cellular stress response, metabolism, and apoptosis.
[75]
pH
U
: 8.01; 7.96; 7.88
(continued )
