Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Species
CO
2
(g) (ppmv);
CO
2
(μatm); pH; Ω; [CO
2-
]
(μmol kg
-1
)
p
Other
variables/
comments
Duration
Observed effect(s)
Ref.
Tripneustes gratilla
p CO
2
: 324-335; 801-851;
1033-1104; 1695-1828
15 min
Percentage fertilization was not signii cantly affected by CO
2
or temperature
treatments ranging from 18 to 26°C.
[9]
pH
U
: 8.25; 7.9; 7.8; 7.6
Ω
a
: 3.20-3.99; 1.64-2.10;
1.33-1.72; 0.87-1.13
Tripneustes gratilla
p H
NBS
: 7 treatments of pH
between 6.0-8.2
(survival expt);
4 days
Survival of larvae ranged from 52 to 78% between pH
NBS
7.0 and 8.2. 98%
mortality was observed in pH
NBS
6.0 and 11% survival was observed in pH
NBS
6.5. Growth and calcii cation of larvae were reduced by 3.2% and 13.8%,
respectively, in pH
NBS
7.8 compared with pH
NBS
8.2. The morphology of
larvae appeared unaffected.
[11]
pH
NBS
: 8.2; 7.8 (growth expt)
Foraminifera
Elphidium clavatum (exclavatum)
p H
NBS
: 8.1; 7.5 Ω
a
: 1.0; 0.4
70 days
Mortality rates of live foraminifera were three times greater in treatment than
in control conditions. Visual evidence of dissolution of discarded tests was
clearly evident after 14 days in the low-pH treatment.
[24]
Marginopora kudakajimenis
p H
NBS
: 8.3; 8.2; 7.9; 7.7
71 days
Growth rate, shell weight, and the number of chambers added generally
decreased with lower pH. However, growth rates at pH
NBS
8.2 and 7.9 were
not signii cantly different and a signii cant decrease was not seen until
pH
NBS
7.7.
[41]
Seagrasses
Cymodocea nodosa
p H
U
: 8.0-9.0
1 h
Signii cant decrease in photosynthetic rates with increasing pH observed in
both i eld and laboratory experiments.
[32]
Posidonia oceanica
p H
U
: 8.0-9.0
1 h
Signii cant decrease in photosynthetic rates with increasing pH observed in
both i eld and laboratory experiments.
[32]
Posidonia oceanica
pCO
2
: 309; 304; 542; 1824
Volcanic vent
N/A
No signii cant difference in photosynthetic rate was observed as a function of
pH, but seagrass production and shoot density were signii cantly higher at
pH
T
7.60. Leaves at pH
T
8.17 had 75% cover of calcii ed epiphytes compared
with 2% at pH
T
7.60.
[27]
pH
T
: 8.17; 8.17; 8.00; 7.60
Ω
a
: 4.10; 4.07; 3.13; 1.71
Zostera marina
p H
U
: 8.1; 7.75; 7.5; 6.4
[CO
3
2-
]: 204; 108; 55; 10
Light
1 yr
High-CO
2
conditions did not affect biomass-specii c growth rates, leaf size, or
leaf sugar content of above-ground shoots, but resulted in higher reproductive
output, below-ground biomass and vegetative proliferation of new shoots.
[60]
Zostera noltii
p H
U
: 8.0-9.0
1 h
In general, photosynthetic rates were not affected by pH, although one
incubation at pH
U
9.0 showed a signii cant decrease.
[32]
