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reports, including spectacular and distorted videos (that win international
prizes), continue to mislead us with false accounts.
There is surely a need for reassessment of the management of the
Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park/World Heritage Site. There is
also need for detailed geotechnical study of the stability of glacial lakes.
This should include associated downstream land-use planning, restriction
of new construction in potentially dangerous locations, and relocation of
exposed sections of trekking routes in general and the route to the Everest
base camp in particular. Climbing Everest will never be a walk in the park,
but a lot can be done to make both climbing and trekking less dangerous
to both participants and the host communities.
In conclusion, let us return to the more general overview of the fi rst part
of this account: we know, in the words of a former mayor of Narvik, that “the
mountains wait”. Theodor Broch was writing of the invasion of his town
in 1940. The spiritual presence of the mountains of Arctic Norway inspired
the local people to withstand fi ve years of horror during the World War II
(Broch 1942). Mountains, the world over, endure in all their stark beauty
and mystery. Lifting their summits to the sky, they inspire and challenge us,
prompting our determination and fortifying the courage of the generations
who will follow us. Yet a concerted effort is also needed to help preserve in
perpetuity this immense world heritage, vital for the well-being of us all.
References
Alford, D. 2011. Hydrology and Glaciers in the Upper Indus Basin. World Bank, technical
report, forthcoming.
Bernbaum, E. 1990. Sacred Mountains of the World . Sierra Club Books, San Francisco.
Broch, T. 1942. The Mountains Wait . Webb Book Publ. Co., Saint Paul, USA.
Byers, A.C., D.C. McKinney, M.A. Somos-Valenzuela, T. Watanabe and D. Lamsal. 2013.
Glacial Lakes of the Hongu Valley, Makalu-Barun National Park, Nepal. Natural Hazards
69: 115-139.
Byers, A.C., D. McKinney, S. Thakali and M. Somos-Valenzuela. 2014. Promoting Science-Based,
Community-Driven Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Glaciated Mountain
Ranges. Geography, IN Press, Sept. 2014.
Fujita, K. and T. Watanabe (eds.). 2012. Special issue of Global Environmental Research. Studies
on the Recent Glacial Fluctuations, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in
South Asian Mountains. Vol. 16, No.1, 122 pp.
ICIMOD. 2014. Glacier Status in Nepal and Decadal Change from 1980 to 2010 Based on
Landsat Data. ICIMOD Research Report 2014/2, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Ives, J.D. 1986. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods and Risk Engineering in the Himalaya.
Occl. Paper No. 5, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
Kathmandu, Nepal.
Ives, J.D. 2013. Sustainable Mountain Development: Getting the facts right. Himalayan Assoc.
Advancement Science, Kathmandu, Nepal (especially chapters 10 and 16).
Ives, J.D., R.B. Shrestha and P.K. Mool. 2010. Formation of glacial Lakes in the Hindu Kush-
Himalaya and GLOF risk assessment. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Kodas, M. 2008. High Crimes: The Fate of Everest in an Age of Greed . Hyperion, New York.
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