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understood by managers and by the simulator component. As part of the scenario, the
simulation model is inputted with all relevant information gathered by the traditional
components of the BI (that, in turn, are based on historical data or previously simu-
lated data), e.g. probability distributions of possible events. The approach fundamen-
tally consists on setting up an interactive loop between a compatible simulation model
or tool and a BI tool to support decisions at the strategic and tactical levels.
Figure 2 illustrates the proposed framework, an extension of the previously dis-
cussed BI decision support system (Section 2, Figure 1).
Fig. 2.
Integrated general BI and simulation-based decision support system
In this proposed approach, the BI environment triggers the simulation runs that are
necessary to estimate the performance of new scenarios. The simulation model mim-
ics the functioning of the (new) system, and populates its proper data warehouse. This
data is extracted by the BI server (if it is correctly “cleaned” already) or by the ETL
component, following then the normal analytical processes of the BI. (Note, however,
that it will be important to being able to distinguish between real and simulated data
and derived information at any moment and at any BI component.)
DRT Framework
In the design phase of a DRT, an integrated decision support system (IDSS) is pro-
posed next, aiming to support decision makers in designing and implementing by
firstly investigating the impacts of alternative potential specifications of the DRT
system on its viability and sustainability for a given territorial area. This framework
combines supply and demand data with analytical and simulation tools in order to
provide information that will support top management strategic and tactical decisions.
Since the outcome of the evaluation is highly dependent on the DRT specification
(in terms of operational parameters), this framework must comprise an iterative ap-
proach that consists on defining an initial DRT specification, estimating their impacts
in terms of performance indicators, redefining the specification and re-estimating the
