Nitric oxide (NO) electrochemical sensors - Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications - page 23

in vitro as well as its toxic derivative peroxynitrite. Vinik et al. reported that pioglitazone
treatment improves nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes. In this research, nitric oxide was
measured in vivo using an electrochemical NO microsensor inserted directly into the skin
[128]. They found the NO production was signifi cantly decreased in the pioglitazone
treated group in the basal condition.
1.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND OTHER DIRECTIONS
The use of the electrochemical NO microsensor provides an elegant and convenient
way to detect NO in real time and in biological samples. Currently they provide the
only means by which to measure NO continuously, accurately and directly within liv-
ing tissue without signifi cant damage. The increasing acceptance of such sensors and
their diversity of use in many NO research applications will help to further the current
understanding of the various clinical roles of this interesting and ubiquitous molecule.
Continual improvements being made to NO microsensor design and technology will
facilitate these studies in the foreseeable future.
1.8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by NIH grants (1 R43 GM62077-01, 2R44 GM62077-02,
5R GM62077-3) to XZ and a WPI R&D priority research fund.
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