Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(b)
(a)
(c)
Figure 9.18
SEM images of Ti with and without electrochemical anodiza-
tion treatment: untreated I
0
(a); anodized in 5M NaOH (b, c);
current density I
1
for b is lower than I
2
for c [112].
Biological tissues interact mainly with the outermost atomic
layers of the biomaterials when biomaterials are implanted into
the body environment [112]. The optical photographs (Fig. 9.19) of
the Ti specimens after 10 min of blood clot formation revealed
that the blood clotted more signiicantly on the anodized I
1
and I
2
specimens than on the untreated I
0
specimen. The nano/submicron-
scale of the TiO
2
network layer enhances the blood coagulation of
the Ti surface [112].
Figure 9.19
Optical photographs of the Ti specimens (I
0
, I
1
, and I
2
) after
10 min blood clot formation, indicating the blood clotted
more signiicantly on the anodized I
1
and I
2
specimens [112].
