Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
F ions show very good initial attachment of cells (group I), and
PO 4 3− ions show a good cells growth for 7 days (group II) and these
results are attributed to a low surface potential for favoring the cell
attachment caused by F ions and osteoblast growth by phosphate
ions, respectively [44].
Figure 9.17 Morphology maps of anodic titanium oxides prepared
at different anodization conditions; (a-f) are the results
of samples denoted in Fig. 9.16. Group I shows a good
attachment of cells at an initial stage and group II exhibits
the good proliferation of cells for the period of 7 days [44].
Yang et al . [112] investigated electrochemical anodization of
Ti to produce a nano/submicron-scale network oxide layer for
biomedical implant application. Biological species (blood and cells)
have various dimensions ranging from nm to μm. Yang et al . suggests
that a mixed nano- and submicron Ti implant surface may have
better initial responses to blood and cells [112]. SEM images of the Ti
specimens with and without anodization obtained by Yang et al . are
shown on Fig. 9.18. A multilayered nano/submicron-scale network
is clearly visible. The lateral pore size for I 1 and I 2 specimens (both
below 0.2 A, but I 1 < I 2 ) were approximately 20-110 and 30-160 nm,
respectively. The thickness of the multilayered network was about
180 nm for I 1 and 320 nm for I 2 . Increase of anodic current led to an
increase in network pore size and thickness. This surface network
layer structure is build mainly from anatase TiO 2 -type structure.
 
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