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Maslow (1954) noted the example of a man's sexual desire. The wish for sexual intim-
acy may be a reflection of the call to impress or of the desire for self-assurance in one's
masculinity. It may also reflect a yearning for love, closeness, friendliness, safety, or any
amalgamation of these (Maslow 1954). One may assume the need is for sexual gratifica-
tion but can only deal appropriately with the individual with an expanded understanding
that includes knowledge of the potentially unconscious motivations (Maslow 1954).
Maslow (1968) also indicated unconscious longing and the feeling of insufficiency are
motivators to meeting unconscious needs. Glasser (1965), on the other hand, viewed the
satisfaction of needs as the motivator to change behavior as a conscious effort in the
present. Glasser reported no association with unconscious mental processes (Glasser 1965).
Human needs generally do not vary much with age, sex, or race, as indicated by Glasser
(1965). He identified two basic needs that inevitably cause difficulty if not fulfilled (Glass-
er 1965). The first is the need to love and be loved, correlating with Maslow's hierarchy,
which combines the needs for safety and love. Second, Glasser reported the individual de-
sire to feel worthwhile to ourselves and others, which parallels Maslow's need for self-
esteem.
A distinction exists that meeting the need to be loved may not necessarily meet the cri-
terion of feeling worthwhile. For example, the knowledge and skills of a beautiful woman
loved and admired for her physical attractiveness are often overlooked. Being the object of
adoration and love does not automatically grant self-worth. Glasser (1965) noted the ex-
ample of a spoiled child who receives ample parental love but through a failure to be made
accountable for right-versus-wrong behavior has no feelings of achievement or triumph.
When authority figures set boundaries and enforce behavioral limitations, behavior often
improves (Glasser 1965) as the result of feeling worthwhile to oneself and others.
Glasser (1965) explained realization of the need for self-worth has a direct association
with morals, standards, values, and a sense of right and wrong. When needs for love and
self-value or esteem are unmet, the individual feels discomfort and will eventually lose the
motivation for cognitive human development because of low esteem (Glasser 1965). Fail-
ing to learn how to meet needs appropriately may result in an individual driven to unrealist-
ic ways to meet the needs. Manifestations include cheating, stealing, lying, and other overt
behaviors to attract attention.
Bandura (1977) conceded when individuals recognize inconsistency between what they
do and what they seek to achieve, dissatisfaction results, and the individuals receive mo-
tivation to commit to explicit goals and adopt more advantageous behaviors. Maslow ac-
knowledged a cognitive human development and motivation must be made (approves cog-
nitive human development that had raised the motivation of mankind) to initiate for social
changes in order to meet their needs. Maslow also indicated a strong contention that the
unconscious side cannot be ignored (1954). The aforementioned (the abovementioned) sec-
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