Sinusoidal Oscillator Realizations Using Other Types of Current Conveyors - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 450

y 1 y 2 y 3 y 4

V 1

−za1

V 2

+zb1

FDCCII

+za2
+zb3 xa

I 02

+zb2

xb

I 01

C 2

R 1

C 1

R 2 R 3

Fig. 13.10 CM QO proposed by Horng et al. [ 20 ]

Using the above non-ideal parameters, the non-ideal CO and FO become:

R 2
ʱ a 2 ʲ a 1

R 1 ¼ ð 13 : 30 Þ

r

ʱ b 2 ʱ a 3 ʲ a 1 ʲ b 1
C 1 C 2 R 3 R 2

ω 0 ¼ ð 13 : 31 Þ

From the above equations, it is seen that both CO and FO differ slightly from their
ideal expressions but still they are controllable independently.
The quadrature output voltages can be expressed (under steady state) as:

C 2 R 3 e j 90 0 V 2

V 1 ¼ ω ð 13 : 32 Þ

C 2 R 3 e j 90 0 I 0 ut 2 for and the quadrature output currents can be given by I 0 ut 1 ¼ ω

R 2 ¼ R 3
The FDCCII from [ 55 ] was used to verify the validity of this circuit. The
MOSFET parameters from 0.18

m CMOS process parameters from TSMC were
employed and the FDCCII was biased from

μ

2.5 V DC power supply. Good
agreement between the theoretical and simulation results was observed.

13.12 Electronically-Programmable Dual-Mode QO
Using a DVCCCTA and Only Two GCs

The building block differential voltage current conveyor transconductance ampli-
fier (DVCCTA) [ 32 , 51 ] has been introduced earlier in Chap. 10 . The differential
voltage current-controlled conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCCTA). is
an electronically-controllable extension of this. Since it has two parameters which