Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
OH
OH
HO
P
O
HO
P
O
5
Base
5
Base
O
O
O
O
1
1
4
4
2
3
2
3
OH
OH
OH
Deoxyribonucleotides
Ribonucleotides
Phosphoric acid - sugar - base structure
DNA
DNA and RNA
RNA
(b)
NH
O
N
N
HN
N
N
N
N
H N
N
R
Adenine
R
Guanine
O
NH
O
NH
NH
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
R
R
Cytosine
R
Uracil
Nitrogen bases, which are to replace the base in the deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides with R
showing the location of bonding.
Thymine
FIGURE 2.30
(a) General structure of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. (b) Five nitrogenous bases
found in DNA and RNA.
a sugar), the energy is captured and stored by the formation of a phosphate bond in a coupled
reaction where ADP is converted into ATP. In Chapter 10, we will discuss further the role of
nucleotides in cellular energetics.
O
O
HO
P
OH
HO
P
OH
O
O
HO
O
P
O
HO
P
O
NH
2
N
O
O
HO
P
NH
2
N
5
N
O
O
N
N
N
5
4
1
+ H
2
O
O
N
3
2
+ H
3
PO
4
N
1
4
2
HO
3
OH
HO
OH
(ATP)
(ADP)
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