Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
ex vivo NIRF imaging, and histologic studies. These integrin
ʱ
v
ʲ
3-speciic NPs
shows prolonged circulation half-life for NIRF imaging and have high tumor
accumulation as compared to RGD-IRDye800. Later, Jetty et al. (2013) reported
a novel approach for synthesizing, a sub-100 nm colloidal particles and further
surface-functionalized with multiple environmentally-sensitive moieties to form a
potential nanoplatform for tumor diagnosis and treatment. NIR emitting NPs were
developed that have protein triggered activation/deactivation of the emission.
Moreover, Wunder et al. (2003) reported a novel albumin based therapeutic
approach for targeted delivery of MTX for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. MTX
conjugated HSA (MTX-HSA) is currently in phase II clinical trials, taking the
advantage of the pathophysiological conditions in neoplastic tissue, in which a
large amounts of albumin get accumulate in tumors. As synovium of patients with
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shows various features similar to that of tumors, making
albumin-based drug carrier a potential therapeutic agent to treat inflamed joints.
Studied were conducted on mouse model of arthritis showing higher accumulation
of albumin in paws and lower amounts of albumin are found in the liver and the
kidneys. Recently, a targeted HSA-based micelles were synthesized for the deliv-
ery of amphipathic drug Dox. The surface of these micelles were modified by con-
jugating cyclic RGD peptides that specifically guided them to the cells expressing
the
ʱ
v
ʲ
3
integrin such as human melanoma cells (M21
+
). Moreover the multiple
PEGs with molecular weight were also used to provide hydrophilic outer layer to
these micelles, while the anticancer drug Dox was physically adsorbed into the
core. Such micelles showed higher uptake and longer retention of Dox and thereby
have cytotoxicity at lower doses of drug (Xu et al. 2011).
5.2 Gelatin
Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen and is mainly obtained from various
animal-by product. Nowadays, they are widely used in the field of medical due to
their biocompatibility, biodegradability, easily modifiable structure and low cost.
Due to their polyampholytic nature, they were conjugated with variety of thera-
peutic and imaging cargos.
Cheng et al. (2014) recently designed a novel multi-functional drug delivery sys-
tem by incorporating FITC labeled platinum (IV) prodrug on the carboxylic groups of
gelatin and IONPs on the active amine groups of gelatin. The complexes exhibit good
anticancer activities, enzyme-stimulated release and MRI. Similarly, gelatin A and
B coated magnetic IONPs has been developed as a magnetic drug delivery system.
Electrostatic interactions were involved during the loading of anticancer drug Dox to
coated IONPs due to which there is pH responsive drug release (Gaihrea et al. 2009).
In recent past, Liu et al. (2011) prepared a highly biocompatible gelatin
functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNS) using gelatin as reducing and func-
tionalized reagent that prevent aggregation of the GNS. Furthermore, the anti-
cancer drug Dox was loaded onto the gelatin-GNS via physisorption for cellular
uptake and drug delivery studies. Such composite have high therapeutic efficacy
