The Atmosphere and Climate Modeling - Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration - page 88

Figure 2.5.8 Predictions of the amount of sea ice
(a): The amount of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere, January to March (JFM).
(b): The amount of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere, July to September (JAS).
(c): The amount of sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere, January to March (JFM).
(d): The amount of sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere, July to September (JAS).
These are predictions for the scenarios of Box 2.5.1 using different climate models. Sea
ice extent is defi ned as the total area where sea ice concentration exceeds 15%.
Anomalies are relative to the period 1980 to 2000. The number of models is given in the
legend and is different for each scenario. Figures from IPCC, reproduced with permis-
sion [2.2] .
with the local geology, we can translate the annual increase in tempera-
ture into a local velocity with which a species has to migrate to stay in a
constant temperature region [2.14]. This “Velocity of Climate Change” is
shown in Figure 2.5.11 .
To put these numbers in historical perspective it is important to
realize that the fastest migration that has ever been observed is 1 km/
year (tree migration during the Holocene epoch). A more common