Strategic Choices for Sustainability at EU Regional Level - The Sustainability of Renewable Energy in Europe - page 88

The Czech Republic The Czech NREAP divides the objective of RES to 13 % in
14 % renewable electricity, 14 % in heating and cooling, and 10.4 % RES in trans-
port. The objective of 14 % RES in electricity consumption is split into biomass,
biogas, hydro, photovoltaic, and wind onshore. One obstacle to the development of
RES in the Czech Republic is the tendency to go into the hands of the state manage-
ment of the national transmission network and the networks of regional distribution.
The NREAP Czech is not very ambitious regarding the development of the smart
grid even just because it does not develop the issue of smart grid. The heating and
cooling sector does not expect the development of a scheme that improves the effi-
ciency of the RES in the sector to 2020. The objective of 14.3 % RES in heat con-
sumption should be achieved by implementing biomass (12.6 %), biogas (0.9 %),
solar thermal (0.1 %), and geothermal (0.1 %). The action plan for transport in 2020
specifies that the 10.4 % RES in transport might be achieved mainly with biodiesel
(495 ktoe) and bioethanol (128 ktoe).
Denmark The Danish NREAP has divided the 30 % overall target of energy from
RES in 51.9 % in electricity consumption, 39.6 % in heat consumption, and 10 %
in transport consumption. The Danish government considers that the 2020 target is
feasible. This projection is based on the assumption of a political framework that
gives incentives for RES. With regard to the electricity sector, in the RES the most
widely used is wind power, both onshore and offshore; financial incentives for pri-
vate investors are such that public authorities expect the wind power to grow at a
fast pace. Biomass as wood chips and wood pellets imported should make an impor-
tant contribution as fuel in heat and power plants. The 39.6 % in heat consumption
should be achieved by using 32.4 % from biomass, 4.8 % from heat pumps, 2.2 %
from biogas, and 0.2 % from solar thermal. As for the heating and cooling sector, the
government has planned new initiatives to reduce energy consumption in existing
buildings and in the new ones. In particular, energy consumption in new buildings
must be reduced by at least 75 % by 2020 compared to the standards of 2009. More-
over, if it is feasible from an economic point of view, every new roof in buildings
that consume more than 200 L of hot water per day must provide for the installa-
tion of solar heating. The transport sector will be covered by biodiesel (167 ktoe)
and ethanol (94 ktoe); consumption of biofuels will be supported by imports from
abroad.
Estonia The Estonian NREAP divides the target of 25 % RES in 17.6 % RES elec-
tricity, 38.4 % RES heating and cooling, and 9.9 % RES used in transport. The Esto-
nian government believes it can achieve the goal to 2020 easily, especially since
Estonia has a good potential in the field of RES. The 17.6 % in electricity con-
sumption should be reached by employing mainly wind onshore and offshore and
biomass. The promotion of RES in the heating and cooling sector is limited to small
cogeneration installations and the reconstruction and modernization of district heat-
ing systems and it is reached by using only biomass. Transport sector should be
covered by biodiesel (51 ktoe) and bioethanol (38 ktoe).