Basics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 5

learning phase
original and optimal
state

utilisation phase
new state
in real operation

,

recording of road vehicles '
ships' and airplanes'
parameters

comparison of the stored
results with the current
driving, shipping and flying
parameters

non - linear mathematical
functions
(artifical neuronal network)

proposal for preventive
maintenance sanctions -
and suggestions for repairs
specification of engine cards for
the whole life-span
data transfer of output result and
proposals

for road, ship and air
traffic devices

for internal and
external use
decision for
improving measures

Fig. 1.3 Principles of Self Diagnosis in transportation

exhaust gas through the use of an appropriate measuring technique as a supplement
to the pure OBD for road transportation. The direct survey of combustion and
other emission relevant processes could be also used in ship and airplane tech-
nology. However, OBM should not be considered a substitute for diagnostics,
i.e., for the OBD technology, but can be viewed as an additional element to the
diagnosis.
With respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro 6), the European
Commission has required the application of Portable Emissions Measurement
Systems (PEMS) in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 [ 13 ]. The
on-board monitoring of NO x and PM emissions to improve the emission related
maintenance is the main aspect of regulation.

1.3.1 Lack of Micro Sensors and Micro Controller Systems

The current limitation of the practical use of Self Diagnosis systems is the lack of
selective, durable and precisely functioning sensor systems, and the lack of fitted
micro controller systems for the long time recording and analyzing sensor signals
on-board.
Micro sensors, which can be successfully implemented in air measurement
technology, break down in emission measurement systems, e.g., in the exhaust gas
after

treatment system of road vehicles or ships. Figure 1.4 presents some

examples of sensors for air quality monitoring [ 14 ].