Basics of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions - Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation - page 6

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electro chemical cell IR cell photo ionisation cell

1 measured gas
2 selective filter
3 membrane
4 sensing electrode
5 electrolyte
6 reference electrode
7 counter electrode
8 circuit board with EEPROM
9 socket

10 explosion-protection neck
11 window
12 detector
13 lamp
14 reflector
15 housing of cell
16 sealing area
17 ionisation cell
18 insulation

Fig. 1.4 Micro devices for air measurement technology

Current micro measuring sensors can only limitedly operate in the combustion
chamber and the exhaust gas system of cars, airplanes and ships. One exception is
the electrochemical technique which uses zirconium dioxide technology for the
analysis of oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.

1.3.2 Variability of Real Travel Conditions

There is a meaningful difference between fuel consumption and exhaust gas
emissions measured at the test bench and in the real travel, flight, and ship nav-
igation (see Fig. 1.5 ).
Accelerating and braking phases are exactly defined at test benches. According
to them, the measured signals of exhaust gas concentrations are unified and always
comparable with each other. In opposite to these defined time distributions of
signals at test benches, real concentrations of emissions are unregulated and
depend on load, journey, and environmental conditions.
Concentrations and mass flows measured in real traveling, flying, and shipping
must always be related to internal engine and external journey parameters. The
systematic comparison of ''normalized'' present data with stored ''basic'' data is
the fundamental principle of the Self Diagnosis technology.