Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9
(continued)
Experimental conditions
a
Rate
b
, surfactant
No. Pesticide/structure
Effects on mobility
Reference
42
Linuron
Loamy sand, 5 cm i.d. × 40 cm, 60 ml /d × 33 d
1000 ppm; TDTMA Br & SDS (2 & 15 g/cm
2
)
Retardation factor in leaching was
>> 9.5 (+ TDTMA Br), 9.04
(unamended), 2.75 (+SDS)
Sánchez-Camazano et al.
(2000a)
CH
3
N
Cl
C
O
N
OCH
3
Cl
53
Alachlor
C
2
H
5
Sandy, 5 cm
2
× 25 cm, 500 m
3
/ha for 3-5 hr
2 kg ai / ha Alanex
®
EC; Organo-clay (Na mont-
morillonite Swy-1+ 0.5 or 0.8 mmol surfac-
tant/g clay) formulation containing 13% ai
EC leached to the bottom of col-
umn and HDTMA-clay slightly
reduced leaching.
El-Nahhal et al. (1998)
COCH
2
Cl
N
Benzyltrimethylammonium-clay
gave maximum leaching depth
of 10 cm.
OCH
3
C
2
H
5
54
Triallate
Sily clay loam, 2.2 cm i.d. × 15 cm, 2.54 cm / hr
× 6 hr
Increased leaching from 5 cm to
10 cm but not eluted.
Beestman and Deming (1976)
Cl
4.48 kg / ha granule; Emulsifier (nonionic :
anionic = 5:1, v/v; 3-fold amount to ai)
Cl
N
S
C
O
Cl
Farm field, 5.9 cm i.d. × 30 cm, 250 ml in total
Organo-clay formulation retarded
leaching.
55
Metolachlor
C
2
H
5
Singh (2006)
NA; Commercial EC, Organo-clay (Na mont-
morillonite, + 50% CEC equiv phenyltri-
Search WWH ::
Custom Search