Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9
Effect of surfactants on mobility of pesticides in soil column leaching
Experimental conditions
a
Rate
b
, surfactant
No. Pesticide/structure
Effects on mobility
Reference
52
Aldrin
Silt loam, 8.5 cm i.d. × 15 cm, a drop / 5 sec ×
17 d
10 ppm ai; linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.1 w/
v%)
Higher laching & formation of diel-
drin by surfactant but not eluted
Lichtenstein et al. (1967a)
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
3
Parathion
Silt loam, 8.5 cm i.d. × 15 cm, a drop / 5 sec ×
17 d
10 ppm ai; linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.1 w/
v%)
Increased persistence & higher
leaching by surfactant but not
eluted
Lichtenstein et al. (1967a)
S
C
2
H
5
O
C
2
H
5
O
P
O
NO
2
53
Methidathion
Silt loam, 5.4 cm i.d. × 15 cm, 30 ml / hr
× 8hr/d × 3 d
1 ppm; TDTMA Br (10 × cmc)
Maximum elution at 3.1 relative
pore volume with tailing for ai in
breakthrough curve.
TDTMA Br significantly reduced
leaching.
Sánchez et al. (2003a)
N
S
OCH
3
N
CH
3
O
CH
3
O
P
S
S
O
41
Diuron
Sandy clay loam, 2 in i.d. × 20 in, 5 in / hr
× 24-48 hr
10 lb ai/acre; 4 anionic, 6 cationic & 13 non-
ionic surfactants
(1 & 10 w/v%)
Cationic surfactants (dilauryl or
dicoco dimethyl ammonium chlo-
ride) greatly reduced the leaching
depth.
Bayer (1967)
CH
3
N
Cl
C
O
N
CH
3
Cl
Sandy loam, 3.6 cm i.d. × 10.7 cm, 0.8 cm / hr
× 3 hr
5 ppm; Soil penetrant 3685
®
(alkyl polyoxyeth-
ylene ethanol, 0-10,000 ppm)
Reduced (2,000 ppm) & greatly
increased (10,000 ppm) leaching
by penetrant.
Huggenberger et al. (1973)
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