Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 19.4 Examples of congestion pricing applications outside the united states
Countries
visited
Purpose/
objective
Type of pricing
Milestone dates
Technology
Measured
impacts
Annual revenues
and cost (in USD)
a
Distribution of net
revenues
Demand
management
Stockholm,
Sweden:
Congestion
lax
Manage
congestion
(primary)
Cordon pricing in city
center by time of day at
SEK10 to SEK20 (about
US$1.50 to US$3) per
crossing of cordon line into
and out of city center
Trial: January
-
Jul-06
Automated number
plate recognition
(ANPR) to assess tax
to vehicle owner
20 %
reduction in
trafc
congestion in
the city center
Gross revenues
(2019) SEK850
million (US$118.5
million)
Collected by
national
government and
transferred to the
city of Stockholm
Promote transit
and protect
environment
(secondary)
Referendum:
September 2006
10
14 %
decrease in
emissions
-
Permanently
reinstated:
August 2007
Net revenues
(2009): SEK530
million (US$74
million)
Net revenues used
to invest in transit
and new roads
Overhead costs:
SEK320 million
(US$44.5
million), about
37 % of revenues
Net revenues used
to invest in transit
and new roads
London,
United
Kingdom:
Congestion
charge
Manage
congestion
(primary)
Area pricing in central
London and its western
extension
Started in central
London:
February 2003
ANPR to track
compulsory payment
compliance and
identify violators
Initial trafc
reductions of
25 % and
19 % (central
London and
western
extension,
respectively)
Gross revenues
(2008):
£
268
million
(US$435 million)
Net revenues used
for transit (80 %)
and other transport
(20 %)
improvements
within greater
London
Promote transit
and protect
environment
(secondary)
Flat daily rate of
£
8
Price increased
from
Net revenues:
£
(US$13)
8
(60 % increase)
in July 2005
£
5to
£
137 million (US
$222 million)
Western
extension:
February 2007
Repeal of
western
extension:
planned in 2010
Overhead costs:
£
131 million (US
$212 million),
about 50% of
revenues
Capital costs for
central London
zone:
£
130 million
