Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 239

Pb 2+ mCPE.(+MF,.

in situ )

SIA-
DPASV.
(mLoV)

Electrolytic.accum..via.
amalgamation;.reoxidn.

(Low.ppb.level,.
ultratrace.conc.)

Natural.water mLoV:.mini-lab-on-valve.

regime;.analysis.eficiency:.up.
to.50.cycles

[552]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/SO.(+SbF,.

in situ )

DPASV,.
FIA

accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.
formation;.reoxidn.

5-50.ppb.Cd,.Pb.
(0.8.ppb.Cd,.0.2.
ppb.Pb)

Lake.water.
(spiked)

Advanced.study.with.SbF-CPE.
in.comp..with.MF-,.BiF-,.and.
SbF-GCE;.s.e.:.0.01.M.HCl.
(pH.2)

[1894]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/SO.[RDE].

(+BiF,. in situ )

SWASV accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.

formation;.reoxidn.

5-150.ppb.Cd,.Pb.
(0.3.ppb.Cd,.0.4.
ppb.Pb)

Canned.food.
(meat.paste)

Reproducibility.of.BiF/CP-RDE:.
R .=.3%-6%;.analyses.validated.
via.comp.with.ICP-OES

[2277]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/PO.(ZeY) DPCSV accum..by.ion-exchange

Cathodic.redn.

5-100.ppb.Cd,.Pb.
(1.ppb.Cd,.3.6.
ppb.Pb)

Groundwater,.
industrial.
efluent

ZeY:.NH 4 + Y-modif..zeolite;.opt.;.
results.compared.with.ref..AAS

[1123]

Pb 2+ C/PO.(HAP) CV,.

SWCSV

accum..by.ion-exchange
Cathodic.redn.

Nanomolar.level.
(8 ×.10 −10 .M;.
5.min)

Environmental.
samples

HAP:.Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ,.
hydroxy-apatite;.s.e.:.1.M.
HClO 4

[1306]

Cd 2+ C/PO.(HAP) CV,.

SWCSV

accum..by.ion-exchange
Cathodic.redn.

2.×.10 −8 -3.×.10 −5 .
M.(4.×.10 −9 .M.
Pb;.5.min)

Natural.water HAP:.hydroxyapatite.(ine.

powder).opt..of.mdf..content;.
R R .=.104%

[115]

Cd 2+ C/PO.

(DNTPMBA)

POT.(dir.) Chemical.equilibrium.for.

Cd 2+ ↔ Cd II −BA

3.×.10 −7 -0.1.M.(2 ×.
10 −7 .M.Pb;.50.s)

Well.water modif:.3,5-dinitro- N -(tri-2-

pyridyl.methyl).benzamide;.
t E >.3.months

[2278]

Pb 2+ C ACT /PO.

(virgin)

ASV Electrolytical.deposition

redn.;.anodic.reoxidn.

8.×.10 −9 -2.×.10 −6 .
M.(2.×.10 −9 .M.
Pb;.5.min)

Water.samples C ACT :.carbon.powder.activated.

by.oxidn..with.30%.H 2 O 2 .
(“AC6”)

[2279]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ CILE.(HAP) SWASV accum..by.ion-exchange

redn..+.anodic.reoxidn.

1.×.10 −9 -1.×.10 −7 .
M.(0.5.nM.Cd,.
0.2.nM.Pb)

Model.solns. HAP:.hydroxy-apatite;.accum..

enhanced.by.IL.chosen.
(MMIMPF 6 )

[495]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ EH/HS-CPE.

(+BiF,. in situ )

SWASV,.
PSA

accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.
formation;.reoxidn.

50-200.μg.L −1 .
Cd,.Pb.(−)

Model.solns. EH:.electrically.pre-heated;.

HS: heated.by.solution.
( t = 25°C-55°C);.initial.study.
of.temperature.effect

[296,2280]

( continued )