Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 240

TABLE 8.5 (continued)
Determination of Cadmium and Lead at Carbon Paste Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors: Survey of Methods and Selected Studies

Type of CPE
(Modiier)

Technique
(Mode)

Measuring Principles (Method
Sequences)

Linearity Range
(LOD; t ACC / t R ) Ion, Species Sample(s) Other Speciication (Remarks) Ref(s)

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Me 2+

C-TCP.(+BiF;.
in situ )

SWASV accum..via.alloy.form.

Anodic.reoxidn.

25.μg.L −1 .Cd,.
Pb (−)

Model.solns. The.surface.of.TCP-CPE.

activated.study.of.initial.
character

[2281]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/SO.

(NH 4 BiF 4 )

SWASV accum..via.Me a Bi b .alloy

Anodic.reoxidn.

20-10.ppb.Cd,.
Pb (10.ppb.Cd,.
1 ppb.Pb)

Model.solns. Initial.study.on.BiF 4 -CPE;.

comp..to.BiF-,.Bi-CPE;.s.e.:.
0.1.M.HCl

[269]

Pb 2+ C/PO.(HMS/

MMT)

SWAdSV o.c..accum..via.complex

MEx,.cathodic.redn.

1-100.μg.L −1 .Pb.
(<μg.L −1 ;.120.s)

Tap.water.and.
groundwater

modif.:.mesoporous.silica.
funct. with.SH.;.also.tests.with.
Cd.+.Cu

[1863]

Cd 2+ CP-ISE.

(TMMCM-41)

POT.(dir.) Chemical.equilibrium.for.Cd 2+ .↔.

Cd II −TM/nM

1.×.10 −6 -0.01.M.
(6 ×.10 −7 .M.
Pb; 10.s)

Polluted.tap.
water,.
electroplating.
bath

modif.:.thiomorpholine-ctng.
nano/mesoporous.substr.;. t L .>.4.
months

[1864]

Cd 2+ C/PO.

(AANH 2 -
HMS)

SWASV o.c..accum..via.complex

redn.,.anodic.reoxidn.

80-2000.ppb.
(50 ppb;.120.s)

Natural.and.
residual.water

modif.:.mesoporous.silica.
functionalized.with.HO−;.
interf..studies

[1865]

Pb 2+ CNT-CPE.

( n -SiO 2 )

POT.(dir.) Chemical.equilibrium.and.

steady-state.potential.for.
Pb 2+ ↔ Pb II − n -SiO 2

1 × 10 −7 -
0.01.M (−)

Model.solns. n -SiO 2 :.3%.nanosilica.in.mixt..

of.57%.C..+.5%.CNTs.+.20%.
PO.+.5%.ionofor.(Thiram);.
t L > 60.days

[447]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Cu 2+

IL-CPE.
(quercetin,.
Qc)

AdSV accum..by.adsorption.via.modif.;.

cathodic.redn.

— Model.solns. IL-CPE.for.comparative.studies;.

s.e.:.0.1.M.HCOON.a.(pH.4.7)

[513]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Me n +

C/SO.(Sb 2 O 3 ,.
SbO-L)

SWASV accum..via.Me a Bi b .alloys

Anodic.reoxidn.

10-100.ppb.Cd,.Pb.
(5-10.ppb;.300.s)

Model.solns. L:.OH − .or.Cl − .(ligand);.0.1.M.

HCl;.tested.also.for.Zn 2+ ,.Sn 2+ ,.
In 3+ ,.Tl +

[1898]