Notes - The Monster at Our Door: The Global Threat of Avian Flu - page 78

79 . Robert Webster and Alan Hay, “The H5N1 Influenza Outbreak in Hong Kong: A Test of Pandemic Prepared-
ness,” in Nicholson, Webster, and Hay, Textbook, p. 561.
80 . Davies, Devil's Flu, p. 19; Jocelyn Kaiser, “1918 Flu Experiments Spark Concerns About Biosafety,” Science
306 (22 October 2004): p. 591; and Agriculture Research Service, USDA, “Containing the Hong Kong Poultry Flu
Outbreak,” (December 1998), see www.ars.usda.gov .
81 . Robin Ajello and Catherine Shepherd, “The Flu Fighters” (1998), Asiaweek.com .
82 . Gretchen Reynolds, “The Flu Hunters,” New York Times Magazine , 7 November 2004.
83 . It is important to note, however, that researchers never found any direct evidence of the route of transmission:
whether by contact with bird feces or direct inhalation of aerosolized virus. See Anthony Mounts et al., “Case-Control
Study of Risk Factors of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Disease, Hong Kong, 1997,” Journal of Infectious Diseases 180
(1999): pp. 507-8.
84 . Ajello and Shepherd, “Flu Fighters,” p. 2.
85 . Shortridge, Peiris, and Guan, “Next Influenza Pandemic,” p. 72S.
86 . Quoted in Goudsmit, Viral Fitness, p. 148.
87 . Richard Krause, “Foreword,” in Morse, Emerging Viruses, p. vii.
88 . William McNeill, “Control and Catastrophe in Human Affairs,” Daedalus 118, no. 1 (1989): pp. 1-12.
89 . Ibid.
90 . William McNeill, “Patterns of Disease Emergence in History,” in Morse, Emerging Viruses, p. 33.
91 . Justin Brashares et al. “Bushmeat Hunting, Wildlife Declines, and Fish Supply in West Africa,” Science 306
(12 November 2004): pp. 1180-82.
92 . “Bushmeat and the Origin of HIV/AIDS,” conference abstract, Environmental and Energy Study Institute,
Washington, DC, February 2002; and BBC news file, “AIDS Warning over Bushmeat Trade,” 26 October 2004.
93 . Yanzhong Huang, “The SARS Epidemic and its Aftermath in China: A Political Perspective,” in Stacey Kno-
bler, Learning from SARS, p. 127.
94 . Sidney Morning Herald, 9 April 2003.
95 . National Academy of Sciences, Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes: Studies from India, China, and
the United States (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001), pp. 211, 212, 214, and 220.
96 . Ibid.
97 . WHO press release, “Increased Surveillance for Influenza Should Be Continued,” 28 January 1998.
98 . Guo Yuanji, “Influenza Activity in China: 1998-1999,” Vaccine 20, Suppl. 2 (15 May 2002): pp. 28-35.
99 . K. Li et al., “Characterization of H9 Subtype Influenza Viruses from the Ducks of Southern China: a Candid-
ate for the Next Influenza Pandemic in Humans?” Journal of Virology 77, no. 12 (June 2003): pp. 6988-89.
100 . Simon Levin, “Population Biology and the Evolution of Influenza A,” (working paper, n.d.), p. 23.
101 . Li, “H9 Subtypes,” pp. 6989 and 6992-93.
102 . New Scientist interview quoted on eces.org/articles/00760.php .
103 . K. Shortridge, “Next Influenza Pandemic,” pp. 73-74.
104 . Li, “H9 Subtypes,” p. 6993.
105 . K. Choi et al., “Continuing Evolution of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Southeastern China,” Journal of Viro-
logy 78, no. 16 (August 2004): pp. 8609-14.
106 . Yi Guan et al., “Emergence of Multiple Genotypes of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region,” PNAS 99, no. 13 (25 June 2002): p. 8950-54.
107 . Emma Young, “Hong Kong Chicken Flu Slaughter 'Failed,' ” New Scientist, 19 April 2002.
108 . Katharine Sturm-Ramirez et al., “Reemerging H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 Are Highly
Pathogenic to Ducks,” Journal of Virology 78, no. 9 (May 2004): p. 4899.
109 . Ibid., pp. 4892-4900.
110 . “Update on the Avian Influenza Situation #26,” FAOAIDE News (20 December 2004): p. 2.
111 . Shortridge, Peiris, and Guan, “Next Influenza Pandemic,” p. 77S.
112 . J. Peiris et al., “Re-emergence of Fatal Human Influenza A Subtype H5N1 Diseases,” Lancet 363 (21 Febru-
ary 2004): pp. 617-19.
113 . “An Avian Flu Jumps to People,” Science 299 (7 March 2003): p. 1504.