Weight Loss and Adhesion Molecules - Adhesion Molecules - page 221

ADHESION MOLECULES, WEIGHT LOSS AND DIETARY
COMPOSITION
h ere are several studies from our own group examining the ef ects of weight loss
and dietary composition on CAMs (Brinkworth et al. 2004, Clit on et al. 2005,
Keogh et al. 2007, 2008) (Table 1) .
In a study by Clit on et al. (2005), 55 overweight and obese subjects were
randomized to one of two low-fat, HC weight loss diets (both < 6000 kJ). At er
3 mon, weight loss was 6.3 ± 3.7 kg and sICAM1 fell by 8% (p < 0.001) with no
dif erence between diet groups, but no changes in sVCAM1 or IL-6 were noted.
In an 8 wk weight loss study, a diet of LC (4% of energy) and high saturated fat
(20% of energy) was contrasted with a diet of HC (46% of energy) and low fat in
70 subjects (LC 37, HC 33) with features of metabolic syndrome. E- and P-selectin
decreased by approximately 32% and 7% respectively and ICAM-1 by 15% (all
p < 0.001) at er weight loss (7.5 kg LC and 6.4 kg HC) with no ef ect of dietary
composition (Keogh et al. 2008). We observed a small but statistically signii cant
rise in VCAM-1 of 4% in this study. Similarly, in a randomized parallel design of
two weight loss diets, LC (33% of energy) and HC (60% of energy), both low in
saturated fat, in 36 obese subjects, weight loss of 8.7% was achieved at er 12 wk
and 5.6% at er 52 wk. Adhesion molecules decreased at 12 wk, VCAM-1 by 6%
and ICAM-1 by 14% (both p < 0.05), E-selectin also decreased by 14% (p < 0.01)
at er weight loss with no dif erence between diets. sICAM-1 remained reduced
at er 52 wk (p < 0.05), whereas the change in sVCAM-1 did not reach statistical
signii cance (p = 0.08) and E-selectin remained reduced at the end of the study
(p < 0.05). P-selectin did not change at er 12 wk of weight loss but was reduced at
the end of the study (p < 0.05) (Keogh et al. 2007). In a long-term study, weight
loss was 2.9% on a standard protein diet and 4.1% on a high protein diet at er 52
wk of follow-up, and sICAM-1 decreased signii cantly on both diets (p < 0.05)
(Brinkworth et al. 2004).
ADHESION MOLECULES AND DIETARY COMPOSITION
IN WEIGHT STABILITY
h ere are a small number of studies exploring the ef ect of dietary composition
on CAMs (Lewis et al. 1999, Bemelmans et al. 2002, Keogh 2005). Bemelmans
et al. (2002) found that a reduction in saturated fat intake over 2 yr in a dietary
intervention study was associated with reduced levels of sICAM-1, whereas Lewis
et al. (1999) found there was no signii cant dif erence in sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1
concentrations between a diet high in saturated fat and a Mediterranean diet, high
in monounsaturated fat, at er 4 wk in men with raised cholesterol. In a study of
40 healthy subjects randomly crossed over to four 3 wk isocaloric diets high in
polyunsaturated fat, high in monounsaturated fat, or high in saturated fat, or a