Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
patients with type 2 diabetes, these variables were higher than in patients with
normal (n = 43) or impaired (n = 27) glucose tolerance. Sixty-eight obese patients
had signii cant weight loss following bariatric surgery, with a decrease in these
molecules to levels comparable with the lean controls. In 13 patients with a small
weight loss achieved by diet the changes were not signii cant.
McLaughlin
et al.
(2006) observed that subjects (n = 57) who underwent 16
wk of an energy-restricted diet, 15% of energy as protein and either 60% and 25%
or 40% and 45% of energy as carbohydrate and fat, showed weight loss of 5.7 ±
0.7 versus 6.9 ± 0.7 kg, respectively; subjects on the lower-carbohydrate (LC) diet
(40% of energy) had greater decrease in plasma E-selectin than subjects on the
higher-carbohydrate (HC) diet (60% of energy). ICAM-1 decreased at er weight
loss by 11% with no dif erence between diets.
Hamdy
et al.
(2003) performed an uncontrolled study in 24 obese subjects in
whom weight loss was 6.6 ± 1% and observed that sICAM decreased (251.3 ± 7.7
vs. 265.6 ± 9.3 ng/ml, p = 0.018).
Sharman
et al.
(2004) in a study of 15 obese men who were allocated to two
weight-loss diets for two consecutive 6 wk periods, either a very-low-carbohydrate
diet (< 10% energy) or a low-fat diet (< 30% energy), observed that both diets
resulted in signii cant decreases in sICAM-1 with no change in sP-selectin
concentrations.
In 18 obese patients 1 mon at er bariatric surgery, Konukoglu
et al.
(2007) found
that weight loss was 13.2 kg and, while plasma sCRP and ADMA concentrations
were signii cantly decreased, they did not return to the same level as age-matched
lean controls. VCAM-1 levels did not change at er weight loss. h ese patients
remained obese despite the weight loss.
In a study of 56 obese and 40 age-matched lean women compared with non-
obese women, obese women had increased concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6,
P-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were related to visceral
obesity. Weight loss (10%, 9.8 kg) was associated with reductions in TNF-alpha
(30%), IL-6 (46%), P-selectin (30%), ICAM-1 (26%) and VCAM-1 (17%) (Ziccardi
et al.
2002). Swarbrick
et al.
(2008), in a study of 19 obese women (BMI 45.6 ± 1.6
kg/m
2
), assessed weight before and 1 yr at er Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Weight loss was 32% (40.5 kg) and IL6 fell by 49%, CRP by 77% and sICAM1 by
11%.
Finally, the ef ect of physical exercise and pravastatin on levels of CAMs was
evaluated in a study of 32 subjects (Trøseid
et al.
2005). Subjects in the exercise
group lost 0.7 BMI units and 7.5 cm in waist circumference. Changes in serum
E-selectin were correlated with changes in BMI (r = 0.48, p = 0.006) and waist
circumference (r = 0.48, p = 0.006) but not to changes in visceral or subcutaneous
fat.
