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various memory structures, learning algorithms, observation mechanisms and meth-
ods of decision-making adapted to its structure. Figure 7.2 shows ISAC, the human-
oid robot.
Fig. 7.2.
The ISAC humanoid robot. Source: [161]
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DARPA/NASA-JSC in their work on Robonaut [193].
The robot called Robonaut is an extremely agile humanoid robot built by the
NASA L.B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Robonaut was built for a
specific purpose - to help people in their work - to perform human activities asso-
ciated with research conducted in outer space. Due to its jobs, Robonaut is (from
the waist up) a copy of an American astronaut, and below is a vehicle allowing the
whole to quickly move in difficult conditions over various surfaces.
The newer version of the robot is Robonaut 2, faster and more agile than its
predecessor. It is characterised by greater perception (as it has deeper and wider
sensory perception). Figure 7.3 shows both versions of the humanoid robot.
Fig. 7.3.
The Robonaut and Robonaut 2 humanoid robots. Source: [193]
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The robot named Simon constructed at the Georgia Institute of Technology
[177].
Simon is a solution for cognitively analysing its surroundings, situations and
for interpreting data. It has been presented at demonstrations and on the Georgia
Tech website to show how it analyses, for instance, the colours of various objects,
which, after their correct recognition, it places in containers of the same colour.
Such solutions illustrate how a robot can assign an interval of the colour spectrum
